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Sociology - Beliefs > Topic 3 - Secularisation > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Secularisation Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Crockett - 1851 Census of Religious Worship

A

40% adults went to ⛪ on Sunday

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2
Q

Major changes in UK religion:

A
  • Decline in population going to ⛪
    • ⬆️ in average age of churchgoers
    • ⬇️baptism, ⛪ weddings
      • ⬆️diversity of religions
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2
Q

Wilson - Western long-term secularisation

A

‘The process whereby religious beliefs, practices and institutions lose social significance’

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3
Q

Wilson - evidence

A

40% ⛪ attendance 1850s
10-15% ⛪ attendance 1960’s
Sunday 🚸, baptism, 💒 ⬇️

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4
Q

How much of the adult population attended church by 2020?

A

4%

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5
Q

What organisations have⬇️ and which have⬆️?

A

Large orgs decline - Catholic Church
Small orgs grow

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6
Q

⬇️💒 evidence

A

1971 - 59% 💍♥️💒
2018 - 20% 💍♥️💒

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7
Q

Bogus Baptisms:

A

⬆️older children baptised, entry ticket into good schools ❌sign of ✝ devotion

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8
Q

Catholic Baptism decline:

A

Today is under half those in 1964

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8
Q

Religious affiliation trend

A

Continuous decline

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8
Q

Religious affiliation meaning

A

Membership/identification w/ a religion

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9
Q

Religious affiliation decline evidence:

A

Between 1983 - 2018 % adults with no religion ⬆ under 1/3 to over 1/2
Anglicans ⬇️3/4
Christians ✝⬇⬇ 40%

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10
Q

Why did the number of Catholics increase slightly?

A

East European immigration

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10
Q

What other religion increased due to immigration (and higher birth rates)?

A

Islam

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11
Q

What is declining along with ⛪ attendance?

A

Religious belief (in afterlife, God, etc)

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12
Q

What has declined due to the decrease of religious practice?

A

The influence of religion as a social institution (on public life)

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13
Q

Why does the church have little influence on public life?

A

State has taken over many of the functions the ⛪ used to perform, used to be pervasive. Increasingly confined to private individual sphere

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13
Q

Give some examples of roles the church had that have been taken over by the state:

A

Education, welfare, law

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14
Q

BBC 2005 survey

A

Schools failed the requirement of providing one daily collective act of worship of ‘broadly Christian character’

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14
Q

Woodhead - Clergy

A

'’To put it bluntly, there are no longer enough troupers left to keep the show on the road’’

⛪ Day to day activities reduced

14
Q

Declining Clergy

A

45,000–> ⬇️–> 34,000 20th Century
Should have been 80,000 in line w/ population📈

14
Q

Clergy🧓🏻

A

Ageing workforce
2020 - average age = 52🧓🏻
Catholic ordinations for new priests = 1/10 of 1965 figure

15
Q

Bruce ✅Wilson

A

‘Steady and unremitting 📉’
Methodist Church fold 2030
Church of England - small voluntary org, lots of heritage property

15
Q

What is Weber’s (overall) theory?

A

Rationalisation

16
Q

What is rationalisation?

A

The process why which rational ways of thinking and acting come to replace religious ones.

17
Q

What is the impact of rationalisation?

A

Undermines religious worldview of Middle Ages an replaces it w/ rational scientific outlook found in modern society

17
Q

When does Weber argue that Western society began to undergo rationalisation of life?

A

Since the Protestant Reformation by Matin Luther in 16th Century

18
Q

What does Weber argue dominated Europe pre-rationalisation?

A

Medieval Catholic Worldview

18
Q

What does Weber argue the medieval Catholic worldview saw the world as?

A

An ‘enchanted/magical garden’

19
Q

What does Weber mean by the ‘enchanted/magical garden’ view of the 🗺?

A

(Interventionist) God and other spiritual beings believed to be present, active, changing course of events through supernatural powers/miraculous interventions

20
Q

How did humans believe they could influence these forces during medieval times?

A

Prayers, spells, fasts, pilgrimage, charms

21
Q

What kind of worldview did the Protestant Reformation bring?

A

Saw God as transcendent - existing outside this world, created the 🌍but did not intervene, run according to laws of nature

22
Q

How is the Protestant worldview different to the Catholic one?

A

Events no longer explained by unpredictable supernatural beings but predictable workings of natural forces.

23
Q

What needs to be understood in Protestant worldview?

A

Rationality - power of reason

24
Q

What is there no longer a need for in Protestant worldview?

A

Religious explanations

25
Q

What is the explanation of events by science + nature called?

A

Disenchantment of the 🌍

25
Q

Bruce

A

Technological worldview replaces/ leaves little room for supernatural explanations

25
Q

What does the disenchantment of the world lead to?

A

Gets rid of religious discourse ➡Rationalisation process ➡Dominance of rational mode of 💭enables 🧬🔗🧪🩺💊thrive and provide basis for tech advances that give humans more power to control things in the world ➡Undermines religion

26
Q

Where do religious explanations survive?

A

In areas where technology is least effective or unexplainable.

27
Q

What is Brice’s conclusion regarding the technological worldview?

A

Scientific explanations don’t challenge religion directly, greatly reducing the scope for religious explanations.

28
Q

What is Parsons’ secularisation theory?

A

Structural differentiation.

29
Q

What is structural differentiation?

A

Process of specialization that occurs with the development of industrial society.

30
Q

What happens to functions in structural differentiation?

A

Separate, specialized institutions develop to carry out functions that were previously performed by a single institution.

31
Q

When did religion dominate?

A

Pre-industrial society.

32
Q

What has religion become, according to Parsons, because of the industrial revolution?

A

A smaller and more specialized institution.

33
Q

According to Parsons, what does structural differentiation lead to?

A

Disengagement of religion.

34
Q

What do sacred symbols represent, in Durkheim’s view?

A

Society’s collective conscience.

35
Q

Define collective conscience.

A

Shared norms, values, beliefs, and knowledge that make social life and cooperation between individuals possible.

36
Q

What does Durkheim argue that regular shared religious rituals reinforce?

A

The collective conscience and maintain social integration.

Sociology - Beliefs (2 decks)

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