topic 3 quiz

Question 1

Paternalistic chivalry reflects what kind of attitudes?

Question 2 options:

blatantly oppressive attitudes

hostilely sexist

explicitly sexist

benevolently sexist

Answer 1

d

Question 2

Some theorists propose that a stalled gender revolution has occurred as women’s increased gains in the workplace have plateaued because of ______.

Question 4 options:

lack of support from male allies

heterosexual men’s unequal contribution to labor on the home front

societal backlash

sexual harassment

Answer 2

b

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the three processes that are viewed as detrimental to ‘token’ women (i.e., those who move into previously male dominated areas of employment) as identified by Kanter (1977) and discussed by Simpson (2004)?

Question 5 options:

assumed authority

assimilation

high visibility

polarization

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Which of the following contributors to the gender wage gap most directly explains increases in the wage gap over the trajectories of people’s careers?

Question 6 options:

the tug-of-war bias

glass ceiling effects

the motherhood penalty

occupational segregation

Answer 4

c

Question 5

Recent research shows that both Black women and Black men report desiring which of the following qualities in an ideal marriage partner?

Question 7 options:

financial stability

physical attractiveness

housekeeping abilities

emotional stability

Answer 5

a

Question 6

Which of the following is a problem with time availability theory’s explanation of divisions of household labor?

Question 8 options:

It doesn’t explain why women who work outside the home still do more housework than their male partners.

It doesn’t explain differences in why women succeed in education more than men.

It contradicts findings that stereotype threat affects women’s performance outside of the house.

It doesn’t explain the gender pay gap.

Answer 6

a

Question 7

What is meant by the term, “doing gender” as introduced by Oransky and Marecek (2009)?

Question 9 options:

‘doing gender’ refers to individuals continually working to maintain gendered self-presentations that are suitable to the specific contexts that accomplish relational goals, such as ‘fitting in’ with one’s peers

‘doing gender’ refers to individuals who act in gender stereotyped ways, even though they may prefer or gravitate toward gender non-conforming behaviours.

‘doing gender’ refers to slang used by non-binary individuals to describe scenarios in which they are expected to behave in a binary-conforming way

‘doing gender’ refers to individuals behaving in expected, gender stereotypical ways in romantic relationships

Answer 7

a

Question 8

According to sex ratio theory, which of the following is an outcome of women outnumbering men?

Question 10 options:

increases in women’s economic and political influence.

Women expect more from their relationship.

Women gain dyadic power.

increase male promiscuity and decreased commitment.

Answer 8

d

Question 9

The idea that individuals who belong to two or more intersecting subordinate groups will experience more discrimination than individuals who belong to one subordinate group is expressed by ______.

Question 11 options:

sex ratio theory

the double jeopardy hypothesis

social dominance theory

the intersectional invisibility hypothesis

Answer 9

b

Question 10

On average, men tend to react with more jealousy to a partner’s ______, while women experience more jealousy in response to ______.

Question 12 options:

cheating with strangers; cheating with friends

emotional infidelity; sexual infidelity

cheating with friends; cheating with strangers

sexual infidelity; emotional infidelity

Answer 10

d

Question 11

Little Jonny’s parents always smile at him when they see him roughhousing with his friends. Which element of social learning theory is this an example of?

Question 13 options:

imitation

punishment

observation

reinforcement

Answer 11

d

Question 12

What is the hypothesis presented by Gul and Kupfer (2019) as an alternative perspective to the previously accepted protection racket hypothesis?

Question 14 options:

hostile-benevolent continuum hypothesis

willingness-to-invest hypothesis

parental investment and protection hypothesis

Benevolence as a mate-preference hypothesis

Answer 12

d

Question 13

One study in the 1970s (and replicated in the 1990s) asked parents to rate their newborn infants on a series of adjectives. Researchers found that parents ______.

Question 15 options:

used a larger number of adjectives when describing boys than girls

rely on bottom-up perceptions rather than top-down stereotypes

rated boys as stronger and more coordinated than girls

accurately accounted for gender differences in infants’ physical traits

Answer 13

c

Question 14

Liben’s (2017) perspective would suggest which of the following about gender development?

Question 16 options:

Children develop gender through a complex and dynamic interaction between children and their environments.

Children develop gender because their beliefs guide their actions and their interpretations of the world.

Children develop gender because they imitate others and receive reinforcement.

Children develop gender due to societal pressures and media influences.

Answer 14

a

Question 15

_____________ power manifests by shaping how society operates in determining which groups of people have access to resources.

Question 17 options:

Dyadic

Patrilineal

Relational

Structural

Answer 15

d

Question 16

There is some disagreement over which part of the definition of sexism?

Question 18 options:

whether stereotypes do not result in discrimination counts as sexism

whether groups with greater structural power (i.e., men) can be victims of sexism

whether sex-based discrimination perpetrated by and targeting women is sexism

whether conscious prejudice is a necessary component of sexism

Answer 16

b

Question 17

Researchers manipulating the salience of sex as a grouping dimension in children’s classrooms have found that increasing the salience of sex leads to which of the following?

Question 19 options:

increased playtime with other-sex peers

decreased gender stereotyping

decreased enjoyment of recreational activity

increased in-group bias

Answer 17

d

Question 18

What is an exception to the general pattern of men’s greater resource control?

Question 20 options:

economic decision making

child custody

control over physical health

political influence

Answer 18

b

Question 19

Research showing that women’s income has no bearing on the proportion of housework they do most directly contradicts ______.

Question 21 options:

the gender ideology hypothesis

time availability theory

the maternal gatekeeping hypothesis

the relative income hypothesis

Answer 19

d

Question 20

In which of the following contexts do sex differences in preferring physically attractive mates not emerge?

Question 22 options:

when considering short-term relationships

in collectivist cultures

in Western cultures

when considering long-term relationships

Answer 20

a

Question 21

According to cognitive developmental theory, what is the causal relationship between gender identity and gender-typical behaviors?

Question 24 options:

The relationship between gender identity and gender-typical behavior is explained by a third variable–the presence or absence of androgens.

The emergence of gender identity causes children to perform gender-typical behaviour.

Gender identity only indirectly produces gender-typical behavior by creating expectations in parents.

Rewards for gender-typical behavior cause children to develop gender identity

Answer 21

b

Question 22

Cognitive theories differ from social learning theories in that cognitive theories focus more on ______.

Question 25 options:

top-down processes rather than bottom-up processes

the internal, mental changes children undergo as they understand their world

the external forces that influence children’s identities and behaviours

individual-level attitudes than group-level stereotypes

Answer 22

b

Question 23

Which of the following has fallen since 1950?

Question 26 options:

percentage of households where women are the sole providers

percentage of households where men are the primary breadwinners

percentage of children living in single-parent households

average age of first marriage

Answer 23

b

Question 24

Pratto and Walker (2004) identify three types of power including ______.

Question 27 options:

force, resource control, and cultural ideologies

structural, dyadic, and relational

patriarchal, matriarchal, and societal

direct, indirect, and moderated

Answer 24

a

Question 25

Partner homogamy refers to the strong, cross-cultural tendency for people to bond and mate with people who ______.

Question 28 options:

balance out their own personality traits

are similar to them on a wide number of variables

provide honest feedback

have access to more resources than themselves

Answer 25

b

Question 26

What did Eastwick and colleagues (2014) meta-analysis of mate preferences reveal about men and women’s preferences for physical attractiveness?

Question 29 options:

Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness predict romantic interest more strongly for women than men.

Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness predict romantic interest more strongly for men than women.

Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness did not strongly predict romantic interest for men nor women.

Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness predict romantic interest moderately strongly for both women and men.

Answer 26

d

Question 27

Displaying which of the following behaviors or traits during a job interview will most likely lead to more negative evaluations targeting male, but not female, interviewees?

Question 30 options:

assertiveness

extroversion

sociability

modesty

Answer 27

d