topic 3 quiz Flashcards
Paternalistic chivalry reflects what kind of attitudes?
Question 2 options:
blatantly oppressive attitudes
hostilely sexist
explicitly sexist
benevolently sexist
d
Some theorists propose that a stalled gender revolution has occurred as women’s increased gains in the workplace have plateaued because of ______.
Question 4 options:
lack of support from male allies
heterosexual men’s unequal contribution to labor on the home front
societal backlash
sexual harassment
b
Which of the following is NOT one of the three processes that are viewed as detrimental to ‘token’ women (i.e., those who move into previously male dominated areas of employment) as identified by Kanter (1977) and discussed by Simpson (2004)?
Question 5 options:
assumed authority
assimilation
high visibility
polarization
a
Which of the following contributors to the gender wage gap most directly explains increases in the wage gap over the trajectories of people’s careers?
Question 6 options:
the tug-of-war bias
glass ceiling effects
the motherhood penalty
occupational segregation
c
Recent research shows that both Black women and Black men report desiring which of the following qualities in an ideal marriage partner?
Question 7 options:
financial stability
physical attractiveness
housekeeping abilities
emotional stability
a
Which of the following is a problem with time availability theory’s explanation of divisions of household labor?
Question 8 options:
It doesn’t explain why women who work outside the home still do more housework than their male partners.
It doesn’t explain differences in why women succeed in education more than men.
It contradicts findings that stereotype threat affects women’s performance outside of the house.
It doesn’t explain the gender pay gap.
a
What is meant by the term, “doing gender” as introduced by Oransky and Marecek (2009)?
Question 9 options:
‘doing gender’ refers to individuals continually working to maintain gendered self-presentations that are suitable to the specific contexts that accomplish relational goals, such as ‘fitting in’ with one’s peers
‘doing gender’ refers to individuals who act in gender stereotyped ways, even though they may prefer or gravitate toward gender non-conforming behaviours.
‘doing gender’ refers to slang used by non-binary individuals to describe scenarios in which they are expected to behave in a binary-conforming way
‘doing gender’ refers to individuals behaving in expected, gender stereotypical ways in romantic relationships
a
According to sex ratio theory, which of the following is an outcome of women outnumbering men?
Question 10 options:
increases in women’s economic and political influence.
Women expect more from their relationship.
Women gain dyadic power.
increase male promiscuity and decreased commitment.
d
The idea that individuals who belong to two or more intersecting subordinate groups will experience more discrimination than individuals who belong to one subordinate group is expressed by ______.
Question 11 options:
sex ratio theory
the double jeopardy hypothesis
social dominance theory
the intersectional invisibility hypothesis
b
On average, men tend to react with more jealousy to a partner’s ______, while women experience more jealousy in response to ______.
Question 12 options:
cheating with strangers; cheating with friends
emotional infidelity; sexual infidelity
cheating with friends; cheating with strangers
sexual infidelity; emotional infidelity
d
Little Jonny’s parents always smile at him when they see him roughhousing with his friends. Which element of social learning theory is this an example of?
Question 13 options:
imitation
punishment
observation
reinforcement
d
What is the hypothesis presented by Gul and Kupfer (2019) as an alternative perspective to the previously accepted protection racket hypothesis?
Question 14 options:
hostile-benevolent continuum hypothesis
willingness-to-invest hypothesis
parental investment and protection hypothesis
Benevolence as a mate-preference hypothesis
d
One study in the 1970s (and replicated in the 1990s) asked parents to rate their newborn infants on a series of adjectives. Researchers found that parents ______.
Question 15 options:
used a larger number of adjectives when describing boys than girls
rely on bottom-up perceptions rather than top-down stereotypes
rated boys as stronger and more coordinated than girls
accurately accounted for gender differences in infants’ physical traits
c
Liben’s (2017) perspective would suggest which of the following about gender development?
Question 16 options:
Children develop gender through a complex and dynamic interaction between children and their environments.
Children develop gender because their beliefs guide their actions and their interpretations of the world.
Children develop gender because they imitate others and receive reinforcement.
Children develop gender due to societal pressures and media influences.
a
_____________ power manifests by shaping how society operates in determining which groups of people have access to resources.
Question 17 options:
Dyadic
Patrilineal
Relational
Structural
d
There is some disagreement over which part of the definition of sexism?
Question 18 options:
whether stereotypes do not result in discrimination counts as sexism
whether groups with greater structural power (i.e., men) can be victims of sexism
whether sex-based discrimination perpetrated by and targeting women is sexism
whether conscious prejudice is a necessary component of sexism
b
Researchers manipulating the salience of sex as a grouping dimension in children’s classrooms have found that increasing the salience of sex leads to which of the following?
Question 19 options:
increased playtime with other-sex peers
decreased gender stereotyping
decreased enjoyment of recreational activity
increased in-group bias
d
What is an exception to the general pattern of men’s greater resource control?
Question 20 options:
economic decision making
child custody
control over physical health
political influence
b
Research showing that women’s income has no bearing on the proportion of housework they do most directly contradicts ______.
Question 21 options:
the gender ideology hypothesis
time availability theory
the maternal gatekeeping hypothesis
the relative income hypothesis
d
In which of the following contexts do sex differences in preferring physically attractive mates not emerge?
Question 22 options:
when considering short-term relationships
in collectivist cultures
in Western cultures
when considering long-term relationships
a
According to cognitive developmental theory, what is the causal relationship between gender identity and gender-typical behaviors?
Question 24 options:
The relationship between gender identity and gender-typical behavior is explained by a third variable–the presence or absence of androgens.
The emergence of gender identity causes children to perform gender-typical behaviour.
Gender identity only indirectly produces gender-typical behavior by creating expectations in parents.
Rewards for gender-typical behavior cause children to develop gender identity
b
Cognitive theories differ from social learning theories in that cognitive theories focus more on ______.
Question 25 options:
top-down processes rather than bottom-up processes
the internal, mental changes children undergo as they understand their world
the external forces that influence children’s identities and behaviours
individual-level attitudes than group-level stereotypes
b
Which of the following has fallen since 1950?
Question 26 options:
percentage of households where women are the sole providers
percentage of households where men are the primary breadwinners
percentage of children living in single-parent households
average age of first marriage
b
Pratto and Walker (2004) identify three types of power including ______.
Question 27 options:
force, resource control, and cultural ideologies
structural, dyadic, and relational
patriarchal, matriarchal, and societal
direct, indirect, and moderated
a
Partner homogamy refers to the strong, cross-cultural tendency for people to bond and mate with people who ______.
Question 28 options:
balance out their own personality traits
are similar to them on a wide number of variables
provide honest feedback
have access to more resources than themselves
b
What did Eastwick and colleagues (2014) meta-analysis of mate preferences reveal about men and women’s preferences for physical attractiveness?
Question 29 options:
Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness predict romantic interest more strongly for women than men.
Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness predict romantic interest more strongly for men than women.
Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness did not strongly predict romantic interest for men nor women.
Ratings of partners’ physical attractiveness predict romantic interest moderately strongly for both women and men.
d
Displaying which of the following behaviors or traits during a job interview will most likely lead to more negative evaluations targeting male, but not female, interviewees?
Question 30 options:
assertiveness
extroversion
sociability
modesty
d
