Topic 3: Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

Pairs of bacteria

Answer 1

Diplo-

ex: diplococci, diplobacilli

Question 2

Clusters of bacteria

Answer 2

Staphylo-

Ex: staphylococci

Question 3

Chains of bacteria

Answer 3

Strepto-

Ex: Streptococci

Question 4

Which type of bacteria produce endospores?

Answer 4

Bacilli

Question 5

Average prokaryotic cell size

Answer 5

1 um

Question 6

Two components of the cell envelope

Answer 6

• Plasma membrane

- Cell wall

Question 7

3 roles of the plasma membrane

Answer 7

1. Permeability & transport
2. Cell wall biosynthesis
3. Respiratory reactions

Question 8

Where are chromatophores located?

Answer 8

Within the plasma membrane of photoautotrophic bacteria

Question 9

Non-polar substances & the plasma membrane

Answer 9

Non-polar substances can pass through the plasma membrane without assistance

Question 10

Membrane proteins that help water pass through plasma membrane

Answer 10

Aquaporins

Question 11

Membrane proteins that help lactose pass through plasma membrane

Answer 11

Permease

Question 12

Membrane proteins that help glucose pass through the plasma membrane

Answer 12

Group translocation

Question 13

Simple diffusion

Answer 13

Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

Requires a transporter protein and ATP

Question 16

Group translocation

Answer 16

A form of active transport

- (glucose phosphorylated to G6P)

Question 17

In prokaryotes, where does the electron transport occur?

Answer 17

on the plasma membrane

Question 18

Hypertonic

Answer 18

Higher concentration of solutes on outside of cell

Question 19

Isotonic

Answer 19

Same concentration of solutes on inside and outside

Question 20

Hypotonic

Answer 20

Lower concentration of solutes outside of cell

Question 21

What part of a prokaryote is the site of cell wall biosynthesis?

Answer 21

Plasma membrane

Question 22

What is a prokaryotes cell wall made of?

Answer 22

Peptidoglycan

- NAG and NAM in polymer that is delivered by a carrier protein

Question 23

Gram positive bacteria cell wall

Answer 23

• Thick layer of peptidoglycan

- Regulates autolysins

Question 24

Gram negative bacteria cell wall

Answer 24

• Thin layer of peptidoglycan
• Also has an outer
  membrane

Question 25

Important antimicrobials

Answer 25

Lysozyme: digests disaccharide of the cell wall
Penicillin: inhibits formation of peptide bridges

Question 26

Glycocalyx

Answer 26

A sheath of polysaccharides or protein outside the cell wall
- Good for adherence & protection

Question 27

Flagella

Answer 27

Responsible for bacterial motility

- Composed of filament, hook, basal body.

Question 28

Axial filaments

Answer 28

Attached to the surface of spirochaete bacteria and anchored at one end
- Propulsion

Question 29

Fimbriae

Answer 29

Adherence

Question 30

Pilus/Pili

Answer 30

Some provide motility and some facilitate DNA transfer between bacterial cells (sex pilus)

Question 31

Endospores

Answer 31

Produced by Bacillus and Clostridium

• Resistant to heat & Pasteurization
• Need to be killed by autoclaving or harsh chemicals

Question 32

How are endospores produced?

Answer 32

1. Copy of the bacterial chromosome & cytoplasm is surrounded by a double membrane close to an end of the cell
2. Peptidoglycan is deposited between the membranes
3. Spore coat is deposited on the outside
4. Endospore is released