Topic 3: Physical and Cognitive Developmental Changes in YA Flashcards
What stage of adulthood is the human body at its peak?
young adult
The changes at the YA stage is slow and gradual. T/F?
T
Thin and graying hair may appear by what age?
35 years old
Men often experience hereditary baldness around what age?
30 years old
How much does the basal metabolic rate decrease by during YA?
5-25%
By what age do vision, hearing, taste, touch, and balance begin to decline noticeably?
40 years old
Slow decline in organ efficiency starts at what age?
early 20s
Ovulation remains regular. T/F?
F. Ovulation becomes less regular + ova starts to deteriorate
Brain development more or less stops at early adulthood. T/F?
F. It continues.
At what age does reproductive capacity peak for women?
20s
Muscle growth peaks at what age?
early 20s
Muscle growth reaches its maximum strength by what age?
30 years old
Muscle mass, strength, and overall function gradually decline significantly by what age?
40 years old
Joint stiffness may occur around 28 years old. This is due to what?
slight decrease in synovial fluid
Wrinkles and hereditary baldness typically appear at what age?
30 years old
YA could be characterized by what characteristics (hint: involves societal expectations)?
- mature and committed relationships
- adult roles/responsibilities
- independence and autonomy in fundamental tasks
- transition into the workforce
- co-creation of their own developmental pathways
Give 3 examples of positively perceived physical changes YA experience.
peak physical performance, optimal reproductive health, fast recovery & resilience
What are the 3 coping mechanisms YA could use to minimize negative effects of aging?
exercise & fitness, dietary adjustments, cosmetic solutions
What are the most common chronic diseases in YA?
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- CVD
- STDs
- Mental Health Issues
YAs are vulnerable to cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in developed nations. T/F?
F. It’s more apparent in developing nations like the Philippines.
What are contributing factors to STDs in the Philippines?
- knowledge gaps
- persistent stigma
- health misinformation
There is a higher occurance of depression associated with suicidal ideation in which sex?
Females
Suicidal attempts and psychological distress are higher in those aged 25-35 years old than those of early adults aged below 25. T/F?
F. Young adults below 25 are noted to have higher rates.
What are risk factors associated with diabetes?
obese class II, alcohol, smoking
What is the leading cause of death in YAs in the Philippines?
CVD
Memory starts to decline in young adulthood. T/F?
F. In fact, it peaks.
Young adults show _______ memory and attention spans
compared to aged adults and children.
longer
Working Memory Capacity is closely related to what?
maturation of prefrontal regions
What kind of thinking notably emerges at young adulthood?
dialectical thinking
YAs are characterized by what kind of intelligence?
fluid intelligence
What lifespan period is said to be a period of growth and development for wisdom-related characteristics?
Young Adulthood
Postformal thought is said to emerge in YAs, what does this lead to?
it is a form of thinking that is flexible and adaptive + opens individuals up to contradictions that may lead to numerous outcomes
A thought process that is holistic in approach, emphasizing changes and opening up to
various factors and new perspectives in approaching situations.
dialectical thinking
Complete the list: Dualism > Multiplicity > ___________
relativism
What is dualism?
the perception of knowledge as absolute; “black and white”
What is multiplicity?
the recognition of multiple and different perspectives in a particular problem.
What is relativism?
the recognition of multiple “correct” perspectives answers to a particular problem
Young adults are considered the most creative group in terms of fluency and originality of ideas. T/F?
T
What traits related to higher-order functions are developed in young adults?
impulse and emotional control
What are common cognitive decline symptoms during YA?
information processing speed, memory, creativity, executive functions
Lack of sleep may lead to what?
increased likelihood of acquiring cognitive impairment
Physical activity contributes to positive cognitive functions like?
learning, problem solving, emotional balance
Which micronutrients play a role in cognitive health?
B vitamins, iron, polyphenols
Chronic psychological stress promotes the production of what?
adrenal production of glucocorticoids (E.g. cortisol).
*prolonged elevated level = memory impairment
In normal age-related cognitive decline, how are ADLs affected?
affects thinking speed and attention
In abnormal age-related decline, how are ADLs affected?
rapid forgetting, difficulty in navigation & problem solving, and difficulty in expression. May also affect motor functions
What is cognitive reserve?
the brain’s ability to find and improvise alternate ways of getting activity done
What theory suggests that the depletion of neural resources activates compensatory mechanisms such as neural reorganization and repair, allowing young adults to sustain cognitive function?
Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC-r)
To maintain cognitive performance, scaffolding may be reflected as what?
increase in brain activity, recruitment of alternative brain regions, generation of neurons
YAs tend to utilize what kinds of techniques to enhance memory performance, executive functioning, and task performance?
visualization and association, compensatory tools (E.g. calendar, notes, etc.)
Give me one example of a legislation that promotes t expand access to higher education and encourages the trend of pursuing formal education.
Higher Education Act of 1994
What are things YAs could do to preserve mental capacity?
- Job/Work Participation
- Physical Activity
- Music
- Other activities
What skills are utilized when a person participates in a job? (hint: improves memory functioning and cognitive health)
analytic and social interaction skills
Actively listening to music enhances what kind of memory?
episodic memory via stimulation of hippocampus
