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NCM 118 > TOPIC 3 Midterm > Flashcards

TOPIC 3 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

is a medical imaging procedure that uses x-rays and digital computer technology to create detailed pictures of the body

A

Computerized tomography (CT) Scan

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2
Q

is a test that uses powerful magnets, radio waves, and a computer to make detailed pictures of the inside of your body

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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3
Q

is a type of nuclear medicine imaging.

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

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4
Q

is a nuclear imaging technology that enables visualization of metabolic processes in the body.

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

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5
Q

is an angiographic procedure that involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the groin or arm.

A

Cerebral angiography

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6
Q

In Cerebral angiography patient will be monitored for

A

4-6 hrs

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7
Q

is the pressure required to move sufficient amounts of blood to the brain

A

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

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8
Q

the ones whose patient care requires ICP monitoring as they have expertise in neurological assessment and monitoring device management.

A

Neuroscience nurses

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9
Q

is a pressure wave along the artery that offers various information on cardiovascular conditions

A

Pulse wave form

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10
Q

is a non-invasive, painless ultrasound technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to measure the rate and direction of blood flow inside vessels

A

Transcranial Doppler

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11
Q

The test examines and records the speed of the blood flow in arteries known as the

A

Circle of Willis

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12
Q

a valuable tool to assess brain function

A

Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG)

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13
Q

is the most common scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury.

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

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14
Q

is a standardized tool that is commonly used to assess patients suspected of experiencing an acute cerebrovascular accident

A

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

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15
Q

commonly used to assess a patient’s cognitive status when there is a concern of cognitive impairment

A

Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE)

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16
Q

can be assessed by asking the patient to turn their head to each side, against the examiner’s resistance

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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17
Q

can be assessed by asking the patient to shrug their shoulders, against the examiner’s resistance

A

Trapezius

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18
Q

type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain

A

Acute ischemic stroke

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19
Q

traumatic injury leading to damage of the spinal cord, resulting in temporary or permanent change to neurological function, including paralysis.

A

Traumatic spinal cord injury

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20
Q

TSCI can be classified:

A

Complete injury
Incomplete injury

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21
Q

damage occurring across the whole spinal cord width

A

Complete injury

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22
Q

the injury is spread across part of the spinal cord

A

Incomplete injury

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23
Q

the neurosurgeon will create one or two small holes within the skull, followed by an incision in the dura if necessary, in order to drain the blood clot.

A

Burr hole drainage

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24
Q

the neurosurgeon will remove a section of bone to create access, then remove the blood clot

A

Craniotomy

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25
Q

are compounds in foods that scavenge and neutralize free radicals

A

Antioxidants

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26
Q

chemicals found in plants that protect plants against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

A

Phytochemicals

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27
Q

reduced inflammation and blood sugar levels

A

Bilberry

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28
Q

Bilberry fruit contains chemicals known as

A

anthocyanosides

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29
Q

scavenge damaging particles in the body and helping prevent or reverse damage to cells

A

free radicals

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30
Q

Sensation requires both light touch and pin prick assessment

A

Trigeminal nerve

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31
Q

Initially assess for symmetry in the face at rest

A

Facial nerve

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32
Q

Hearing can be assessed by whispering a number into each ear separately

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN VIII

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33
Q

is instructed to walk placing one foot directly in front of the other, heel to-toe

A

Gait tandem

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34
Q

consists of testing of the primary sensory modalities which include pain, proprioception, vibration and light touch

A

Sensory evaluation

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35
Q

psychologically traumatic or occur within a broader context of psychological trauma

A

Traumatic brain injury

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36
Q

Evaluate stroke patient using

A

FAST

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37
Q

life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow

A

Shock

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38
Q

become more permeable, and fluids and electrolytes seep from and into the cell

A

cell swells and the cell membrane

39
Q

Stages of shock

A

Compensatory, Progressive, Irreversible

40
Q

blood pressure remains within normal limits

A

Compensatory

41
Q

to maintaining adequate cardiac output. release of catecholamines

A

Vasoconstriction HR, and contractility of the heart contribute

42
Q

The patient displays the often-described fight or flight” response

A

Compensatory

43
Q

In compensatory the body shunts blood from organs such as

A

the skin, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract

44
Q

mechanisms that regulate blood pressure can no longer compensate and the MAP falls below normal limits

A

Progressive

45
Q

represents the point along the shock continuum at which organ damage is so severe that the patient does not respond to treatment

A

Irreversible

46
Q

can occur as a progression along the shock continuum or as a syndrome unto itself

A

Multiple organ dysfunction

47
Q

Overall management in shock

A

Fluid replacement
Vasoactive medications
Nutritional support

48
Q

administered in all types of Shock

A

Fluid replacement

49
Q

are administered
in all forms of shock to improve the patient’s hemodynamic stability when fluid therapy alone cannot maintain adequate MAP

A

Vasoactive medications

50
Q

Classification of shock

A

Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Distributive

51
Q

occurs when there is LOW fluid volume in the intravascular system

A

Hypovolemic shock

52
Q

shock occurs when there is a reduction in intravascular volume of 15% to 25%. This would represent a loss of 750 to 1,300 mL of blood in a 70-kg (154-lb) person

A

Hypovolemic shock

53
Q

The average human blood volume

A

5L

54
Q

occurs when the heart’s ability to contract and to pump blood is impaired

A

Cardiogenic shock

55
Q

causes of cardiogenic shock are known as either

A

coronary or non-coronary

56
Q

seen most often in patients with myocardial infarction

A

Coronary cardiogenic

57
Q

be related to metabolic problems and tension pneumothorax

A

Non-coronary

58
Q

INITIATION OF FIRST-LINE TREATMENT

A

Supplying supplemental oxygen
Controlling chest pain
Providing selected fluid support
Administering vasoactive medications
Controlling heart rate with medication

59
Q

a form of shock associated with a physical obstruction/ blockage of the great vessels

A

Obstructive shock

60
Q

Three of the most common examples of obstructive shock

A

Cardiac tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism

61
Q

Obstructive Shock: Management

A

Control airway
Intubation
Treat the underlying cause

62
Q

maldistribution or mismatch of blood flow to the cells

A

Circulatory or distributive shock

63
Q

Normal adults < 10 - 15 mm Hg

A

Intracranial pressure monitoring

64
Q

Commonly used mnemonic regarding assessment
of individuals suspected of experiencing a stroke is

A

BEFAST

65
Q

Prior to administering the MMSE, ensure the patient is wearing

A

Glasses or hearing aids

66
Q

A disorder that commonly results in decreased or absent tendon reflexes is

A

Adie’s tonic pupil

67
Q

Two surgical treatment options to remove the blood clot

A

1.Burr hole drainage
2. Craniotomy

68
Q

shock state resulting from displacement of blood volume creating a relative hypovolemia and inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells

A

distributive shock

69
Q

may be administered to increase the intravascular volume

A

Crystalloids, colloids, and blood products

70
Q

Classification of Circulatory shock

A

Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylactic shock

71
Q

It can occur in any person with impaired immunity, but elderly people are at greatest risk

A

Septic shock

72
Q

The disorder is thought to be a response to that release microbes or immune mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin- 1

A

Septic shock

73
Q

Is a shock state resulting from loss of sympathetic tone causing relative hypovolemia.

A

Neurogenic shock

74
Q

is caused by a severe allergic reaction when a patient who has already produced antibodies to a foreign substance (antigen)develops a systemic antigen– antibody reaction.

A

Anaphylactic shock

75
Q

occurs rapidly and is life threatening.

A

Anaphylactic shock

76
Q

overwhelming inflammatory response in the absence of infection causing relative hypovolemia and decreased tissue perfusion.

A

Inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

77
Q

Four sirs criteria

A
  1. Tachycardia- heart rate >90 beats/min
  2. Tachypnea- respiratory rate >20
  3. Fever or hypothermia- temperature >38 or <36 °C
    4.Leukocytosis, leukopenia, or bandemia- white blood cells >1,200/mm3, <4 ,000/mm3 or bandemia ≥10%
78
Q

is a bedside prompt that may identify patients with suspected infection who are at greater risk for a poor outcome outside the intensive care unit (ICU).

A

Q Sofa

79
Q

3 component assessment system with Q Sofa

A

• Systolic blood pressure ≤100 mmHg
• Highest respiratory rate ≥22 breaths per
min
• Lowest Glasgow coma score <15

80
Q

an illness severity score commonly used in critical care medicine to predict mortality upon admission to an intensive care unit.

A

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) score

81
Q

the best-known & most widely used score with good calibration & discrimination.

A

The APACHE

82
Q

was released in 1985 and included a reduction in the number of variables to 12.

A

The APACHE II scoring system

83
Q

was designed to predict an individual’s risk of dying in a
hospital.

A

APACHE III

84
Q

is a mortality prediction score that is based on the degree of dysfunction of 6 organ systems

A

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)

85
Q

score stratifies mortality risk in ICU patients without restricting the data used to admission values.

A

Sofa

86
Q

is an objective and useful index.

A

logistic organ dysfunction system (LODS) score

87
Q

assesses six systems in terms of the extent of dysfunction on the first day of an intensive care unit (ICU) stay.

A

LODS

88
Q

6 s ystems in LODS

A

Neurologic, Cardiovascular, Renal, Pulmonary, Hematologic, and Hepatic systems

89
Q

was designed to combine measurement of the severity of multiple organ dysfunctions into a single score.

A

LODS

90
Q

is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient that requires medical intervention to support continued organ function.

A

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

91
Q

isn’t an illness itself; rather, it’s amanifestation of another progressive, underlying condition

A

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

92
Q

organ system failure is due to a direct injury such as
trauma or a primary disorder that usually involves the lungs,

A

Primary Mods

93
Q

It occurs most often in the patient with septic shock and progressively unfolds over about 1 month.

A

Secondary mods

NCM 118 (4 decks)

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