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Biology 322 > Topic 3: Microbes to know > Flashcards

Topic 3: Microbes to know Flashcards

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1
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A 
gamma proteobacteria
Gram negative 
curved rod
flagellated
ubiquitous to marine environments
causitive agent of cholera 
activates adenylate cyclase 
- incr. chloride release and water release
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2
Q

Vibrio

A

phylum : proteobacteria
class: gamma
gram neg

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3
Q

Vibrio coralliilitycus

A

gammaproteobacteria
temp dependent virulence factors
causes coral bleaching

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4
Q

Vibrio fisheri

A

gammaproteobacteria
symbiont of bobtail squid
bioluminescence

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5
Q

Buchnera aphidicola

A 
gamma proteobacteria
obligate symbiont
small genome: 618 KB
lives in specialized aphid cells (bacteriocytes)
can't repair DNA
no lipopolysacharides
overproces AAs 
genome reduction
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6
Q

Sulcia muelleri

A 
obligate symbionts
leaf hopper symbionts
246 KB genome
missing essential DNA replication genes
supplies amino acids 
phylum: bacteroidetes, class: flavobacteria
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7
Q

Baumannia cicadellinicola

A 
obligate symbionts
leaf hopper symbionts
640 KB genome
missing essential DNA replication genes
supplies vitamins and cofactors 
gammaproteobacteria
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8
Q

Chlamydia

A 
genus of bacteria
obligate intracellular parasites
most common bacterial STI in humans
leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide 
3 species
not locked in a host
spore like when being transmitted
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9
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium

A

genome = 480 proteins
firmicutes
- mollicutes (lost cell wall)

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10
Q

Phytoplasma

A

obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue
Phylum: Tenericutes
Class: Mollicutes

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11
Q

Rickettsia

A

alphaproteobacteria
facultative intracellular parasite
go inside euk nucleus
can protect itself against vacuole pH/enzymes

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12
Q

Pelagibacter ubique

A 
1.3 Mb genome
alpha proteobacteria
discovered in Sargasso Sea
makes up 50% of cells in temperate waters
photosynthetic
proteorhodopsin 
oligotrophic 
small genome
freeliving 
carotenoid pigments
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13
Q

Myxobacteria

A

big genomes

delta proteobacteria

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14
Q

Sorangium cellulosum

A 
myxobacteria
deltaprteobacteria
13 Mb genome - huge!
capable of complex behaviours
reporoduce similiarly to fungi
-spores
fruiting bodies  - cellular differentiation
can remotely sense objects
can hunt prey in coordinated attacks
bigger genome than some euks
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15
Q

Deinococcus radiodurans

A 
gram pos
nuclear reactor 
w/stands 10 000 Grays 
highly pigmented
tetrad - multiple chromosomes
active DNA repair systems
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16
Q

Shigella

A

gamma proteobacteria
E. coli species
human pathogen -> (destroys epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa) desentry/death
acquired 2 diff islands (SHI1 and 2) and virulence factor plasmid, lost opt and cadA
evolved pathogenicity through gene loss

17
Q

Thermotoga

A 
thermophillic
some adapted to cold or moderate temps 
live in high temp water
polysaccharide envelopes 
breakdown oil products
18
Q

Caulibacter crescentus

A

alpha proteobacteria
2 cell types (1. with stock and 1. with flagella)
non symmetrical binary fission

19
Q

Bacillus

A

sporulation

gram pos

20
Q

Paenibacillus

A

complex social interactions
create vortexes as a pop
non random movement (cell-to-cell communication)

21
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

epsilon proteobacteria
gastric ulcers
chemotaxis
pathogenicity due to CagA island

22
Q

Bdellovibrio bacteriovirus

A

delta proteobacteria
E. coli is one of its prey
it is really fast ad rams into is prey cell
uses enzymes to make hole, and then seal it up
single sheathed polar flagellum
after the collision: the cell attaches to the prey cell outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer, after which it creates a small hole in the outer membrane
the cell enters the host periplasmic space
remains reversibly attached for recognition period
after the recognition period it bcs irreversibly attached via the pole opposite the flagellum
once inside the periplasm, the cell seals the membrane hole and converts the host into a spheroplast
3-6 progeny from a single E. coli cell

23
Q

Daptobacte sp.

A

gamma proteobacteria

kills other gram neg bacteria by colliding with them at high speeds

24
Q

Streptomyces

A 
actinobacteria
gram pos
soil 
look similar to fungi
filamentous 
linear chromosome
produce secondary metabolites 
sporulation for reproduction 
cellular differentiation
source of most antibiotics used today
25
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

gram neg
filament
have micro colonies living near them, help with N2 fixation
heterocysts (fix N2, get sugar from other cyanobacteria cells)
photosynthesis
aki spores (for survival)

Biology 322 (3 decks)

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