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Chemistry GCSE > Topic 3: Metals and Their Extraction > Flashcards

Topic 3: Metals and Their Extraction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ore?

A

A substance found in the Earth’s crust containing metal atoms combined with other elements.

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2
Q

How can metals be extracted from their ores?

A

By chemical reactions or electrolysis.

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3
Q

What makes it more difficult to extract a metal from its ore?

A

The more reactive a metal, the harder it is to extract it from their ore.

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4
Q

What is the order of the reactivity series?

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
(Carbon)
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
(Hydrogen)
Copper
Silver
Gold
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5
Q

What can a more reactive element do to a less reactive element?

A

Displace it from a solution of one of its salts.

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6
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

Where a metal displaces a metal (lower in reactivity) from a solution of one of its salts.

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7
Q

Show magnesium displacing copper from a copper sulfate solution in a formula.

A

magnesium +copper sulfate ⮕ copper + magnesium sulfate

Mg + CuSO₄ ⮕ Cu + MgSO₄

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8
Q

Show the aluminium and iron oxide reaction in a formula.

A

aluminium + iron (III) oxide ⮕ aluminium oxide + iron

Al + Fe₂O₃ ⮕ Al₂O₃ + Fe

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9
Q

What is reduction?

A

The removal of oxygen atoms from a chemical or the gain of electrons.

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10
Q

What does OiLRiG stand for?

A 
Oxidation
is
Loss
Reduction
is
Gain
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11
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Addition of oxygen atoms to a chemical or the loss of electrons.

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12
Q

What metals need to use electrolysis to extract them from their ores?

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
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13
Q

What are the two rules when balancing equations?

A
  1. The little numbers can’t be changed (can only add big numbers)
  2. Keep to whole numbers
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14
Q

When does electrolysis only work?

A

When the ions can move.

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15
Q

What has to happen so that the ions can move with ores (bauxite)?

A

It must become molten to be considered an electrolyte.

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16
Q

What is the negative electrode?

A

Cathode.

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17
Q

What is the positive electrode?

A

Anode.

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18
Q

What are electrodes made out of?

A

Mostly metal, sometimes graphite.

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19
Q

What are insoluble?

A

Most metal oxides.

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20
Q

What is something that is an aqueous?

A

Something that has been dissolved in water.

An aqueous solution

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21
Q

What is the positive ion?

A

The metal.

22
Q

In electrolysis of an aqueous solution, what will form at the cathode?

A

A metal that is less reactive than hydrogen or hydrogen.

23
Q

In electrolysis of an aqueous solution, what will form at the anode?

A

If the negative ion is a halogen, that will form, if not, oxygen will.

24
Q

What 4 raw materials are needed for extraction of iron?

A

Iron ore
Coke
Limestone
Hot air

25
Q

What is coke and what is it used as?

A

Coke is carbon and is used as a fuel and produces carbon monoxide for the reduction.

26
Q

What is iron ore used for in the extracting of iron?

A

It’s the source of iron.

27
Q

What is limestone used for in extracting iron

A

Removing impurities.

28
Q

What is hot air used for in extracting iron?

A

Provides oxygen so coke can burn.

29
Q

What is the equation for coke burning in oxygen to make carbon dioxide?

A

C + O₂

30
Q

What is the equation for coke burning in oxygen to make carbon dioxide?

A

C + O₂ ⮕ CO₂

31
Q

What is the equation for carbon reacting with carbon dioxide making carbon monoxide?

A

C + CO2 ⮕ 2CO

32
Q

What is the equation for Iron (III) oxide being reduced by carbon monoxide to make iron and carbon dioxide?

A

Fe2O3 + 3CO ⮕ 2Fe + 3CO2

33
Q

What is the equation for Limestone decomposing to make calcium oxide?

A

CaCO3 ⮕ CaO + CO2

34
Q

What is the equation for Calcium oxide neutralising silicon dioxide impurities?

A

CaO + SiO2 ⮕ CaSiO3

35
Q

What are 5 sustainability issues with the extraction of metals from their ores?

A 
Siting for the plant 
Fuel + energy costs
Greenhouse gas emissions
Impact of recycling
Effects of the extraction of the ores on environment + on the local population
36
Q

What are transition metals?

A

The metallic elements found in the centre of the periodic table.

37
Q

What are physical properties of transition metals?

A

Malleable
High melting points (apart from mercury)
Good conductors of electricity and heat

38
Q

What are chemical properties of transition metals?

A

Form ions with different charges (eg copper can become Cu⁺ ions -lose one electron - or Cu²⁺ ions -lose two electrons)
Less chemically reactive than the alkali metals such as sodium and potassium
Form coloured chemical compounds

39
Q

What is the colour that Cu²⁺ makes when added to dilute sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Blue.

40
Q

What is the colour that Fe²⁺ makes when added to dilute sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Green.

41
Q

What is the colour that Fe³⁺ makes when added to dilute sodium hydroxide solution?

A

Brown.

42
Q

What are the properties of aluminium?

A

Good conductor of heat and electricity
Strong
Low density
Resistant to corrosion

43
Q

What are the properties of copper?

A

Very good conductor of heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile
Lustrous

44
Q

What are the properties of Titanium?

A 
Hard
Strong 
Low density
High melting point
Resistant to corrosion
45
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Mixtures of two or more different metals (or carbon) made by combining the molten metals.

46
Q

What are the properties of iron?

A

Hard

Strong

47
Q

What are 2 uses of Iron?

A

Building frameworks

Kitchen equipment

48
Q

What are 2 uses of aluminium?

A

Aluminium foil

Drinks cans

49
Q

What are 2 uses of copper?

A

Saucepan bases

Jewellery

50
Q

What are 2 uses of titanium?

A

Jet engine

Car parts

51
Q

What is stainless steal made out of?

A

Iron
Carbon
Chromium

Chemistry GCSE (7 decks)

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