Topic 3 - Infection and Response - Key Words

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

Question 2

Communicable Disease

Answer 2

Diseases which are infectious and can be easily transferred from one organism to another e.g. a cold or cornavirus

Question 3

Non-Communicable Disease

Answer 3

Disease which cannot be transferred or ‘caught’ e.g. cancer or kidney failure

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

Small cells that reproduce rapidly within the body causing us to feel ill

Question 5

Virusses

Answer 5

They are not cells, they are much smaller, but they also reproduce rapidly and cause us to feel ill

Question 6

Protists

Answer 6

Single-celled eukaryotes aka parasites, they live on or inside an organism and cause damage

Question 7

Vector

Answer 7

Something that carries a disease but does not get it itself .e.g. rats during the Black Plague

Question 8

Measles

Answer 8

A disease spread by droplets that can be very serious or even fatal

Question 9

HIV

Answer 9

A virus spread by sexual contact that attacks immune cells and will develop into AIDs which is fatal

Question 10

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

Answer 10

A virus that infects plants and stops them from photosynthesising as well as before

Question 11

Rose Black Spot

Answer 11

A fungal disease spread by water and wind that affects plants and their growth

Question 12

Malaria

Answer 12

A disease caused by a protist and transmitted by a vector - mosquitoes in this case, it causes a fever and could be fatal

Question 13

Salmonella

Answer 13

A disease caused by bacteria in incorrectly prepared food

Question 14

Gonorrhea

Answer 14

This is an STD caused by bacteria which can lead to a lot of discomfort for the person - prevented by using barrier methods of contraception

Question 15

Phagocytosis

Answer 15

The process of a white blood cell englufing and digesting white blood cells

Question 16

Antibodies

Answer 16

Molecules produced by white blood cells that kill an invading pathogen they do not recognise, if your body has produced enough you are immune (this is how vaccines work)

Question 17

Antigens

Answer 17

Molecules on the surface of every invading pathogen, unique to that one

Question 18

Vaccination

Answer 18

An injection that contains a little of a dead or inactive pathogen so that your body can start to produce antibodies before you get sick

Question 19

Painkillers

Answer 19

Drugs to deal with pain without actually causing a change to the problem

Question 20

Antibiotics

Answer 20

Medicine that kills or prevents the furhter growth of bacteria within the body therefore relieving symptoms

Question 21

Mutations

Answer 21

Changes to a cell or oganism .e.g. bacteria can mutate to become resitant to antibiotics

Question 22

Drugs

Answer 22

Medically administered substances that provide defence for your body against invading pathogens

Question 23

Preclinical Testing

Answer 23

Testing which must occur in order to ensure that a drug is safe to use

Question 24

Efficacy

Answer 24

A measure of whether a drug works or gives you the effect you were looking for

Question 25

Placebo

Answer 25

A substance that looks like the drug but isn’t, given to a person to see whether they feel anything - they are considered to work

Question 26

Optimum Dose

Answer 26

A dose which will give the best effect with the least unwanted side effects

Question 27

Toxicity

Answer 27

How harmful something is

Question 28

Dosage

Answer 28

Concentration of what is being given and how often

Question 29

Placebo Effect

Answer 29

When a patient expects the drug to work and feels better even though thr drug did nothing

Question 30

Double-Blind Trial

Answer 30

A trial in which neither the doctors nor patients know who has a placebo

Question 31

B-lymphoctyes

Answer 31

The type of white blood cell which produces antibodies

Question 32

Hybridoma

Answer 32

A tumor cell fused with a B-lymphoctye cell

Question 33

HCG

Answer 33

A hormone only found in the urine of women who are prgnant

Question 34

Tumor Markers

Answer 34

Antigens in a cells membrane that are not found on normal body cells - cancer cells have these

Question 35

Chlorophyll

Answer 35

A green pigment found in a plant’s leaf which allows it to photosynthesise