Topic 3 Infection and Response - Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics

A

​Medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body.

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2
Q

Clinical drug testing

A

​Drug testing done on healthy human volunteers and patients.

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3
Q

Communicable disease

A

​A disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly.

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4
Q

Double blind trial

A

​A study performed where neither the researcher or patient know whether the patient is taking the drug or a placebo.

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5
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

​A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating.

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6
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A

​An infectious virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

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7
Q

Malaria

A

​A disease caused by a protist that causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal.

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8
Q

Measles

A

​A serious disease caused by a virus that shows symptoms of fever and a red skin rash.

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9
Q

Monoclonal antibodies

A

Antibodies produced from a single clone of cells that are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen.

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10
Q

Non-communicable disease

A

​A disease which cannot be spread between individuals.

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11
Q

Non-specific defence

A

​General physical and chemical barriers that defend the body against lots of different types of pathogen.

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12
Q

Pathogens

A

​Microorganisms that cause infectious disease.

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13
Q

Placebo

A

​A substance designed to be indistinguishable from a drug being tested but has no actual effect on the patient.

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14
Q

Preclinical drug testing

A

​Drug testing done in a laboratory using cells, tissues and live animals.

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15
Q

Rose black spot

A

​A fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early.

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16
Q

Salmonella

A

​A bacterial disease that is spread by bacteria ingested in food and can cause a fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.

17
Q

Side effects

A

​Other additional effects that the drug has that are different from the expected effect of the drug.

18
Q

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

A

​A widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants which produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves and limits the plant growth.

19
Q

Vaccination

A

​The process of ​​introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.✢

20
Q

White blood cell

A

​An important type of cell that makes up the immune system and produces antibodies and antitoxins.