Topic 2 Organisation - Definitions

Question 1

Amylase

Answer 1

​An enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks carbohydrates down into simple sugars.

Question 2

Aorta

Answer 2

​The main artery that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.

Question 3

Artery

Answer 3

​A blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart. Benign tumour

Question 4

Benign tumour

Answer 4

​An abnormal cell growth that is contained within one area and does not invade other areas of the body.

Question 5

Bile

Answer 5

​A substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder which is used to neutralise stomach acid in the intestine and emulsify fats.

Question 6

Blood

Answer 6

​A tissue containing red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Cancer

Question 7

Cancer

Answer 7

​A non-communicable disease caused by changes in the cell that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.

Question 8

Capillary

Answer 8

​A very thin blood vessel that is used for exchange of substances.

Question 9

Cell

Answer 9

​The basic building block of all living organisms.

Question 10

Communicable disease

Answer 10

​A disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly.

Question 11

Coronary heart disease

Answer 11

​A disease caused by the buildup of fatty deposits inside the coronary artery, narrowing it and reducing blood flow to the heart tissue.

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

​Biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions in living organisms. Health

Question 13

Health

Answer 13

​The state of physical and mental wellbeing.

Question 14

Heart

Answer 14

​An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system.

Question 15

Lipase

Answer 15

​An enzyme that is produced in the pancreas that breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 16

Lock and key hypothesis

Answer 16

​A theory that describes how substrates must be the correct shape to fit the active site of an enzyme.

Question 17

Malignant tumour

Answer 17

​A cancerous cell growth that invades neighbouring tissues and can spread to different parts of the body in the blood.

Question 18

Meristem tissue

Answer 18

​Plant tissues containing undifferentiated stem cells.

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

​All of the chemical reactions occurring in an organism.

Question 20

Non-communicable disease

Answer 20

​A disease which cannot be spread between individuals.

Question 21

Organ systems

Answer 21

​Groups of organs that work together to form organisms

Question 22

Organs

Answer 22

​Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions.

Question 23

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 23

​A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised to carry out photosynthesis.

Question 24

Phloem

Answer 24

​A transport tissue found in plants which is specialised to transport sugars from source to sink.

Question 25

Protease

Answer 25

​ An enzyme produced in the stomach and pancreas that breaks proteins down into amino acids.

Question 26

Pulmonary artery

Answer 26

​The main artery that takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.

Question 27

Pulmonary vein

Answer 27

​The main vein that takes oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs.

Question 28

Rate of reaction

Answer 28

​The speed at which reactants are converted into products.

Question 29

Risk factor

Answer 29

​Something that increases a person’s risk of developing a disease.

Question 30

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 30

​A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised for gas exchange.

Question 31

Statins

Answer 31

​A class of drugs that are used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of fatty material deposit.

Question 32

Stent

Answer 32

​A tube that can be surgically implanted into blood vessels to keep them ope

Question 33

Tissue

Answer 33

​A group of cells with a similar structure and function.

Question 34

Translocation

Answer 34

​The movement of food molecules through the phloem tissue.

Question 35

Transpiration

Answer 35

​The process of water evaporating from a plant.

Question 36

Vein

Answer 36

​A blood vessel that carries blood at a low pressure back to the heart.

Question 37

Vena cava

Answer 37

​The main vein that takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body.

Question 38

Xylem

Answer 38

​A transport tissue in plants which is specialised to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the leaves