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biology > topic 3 - infection and response: communicable diseases > Flashcards

topic 3 - infection and response: communicable diseases Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause diseases.

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2
Q

What type of disease do pathogens cause?

A

Communicable (infectious) diseases.

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3
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease which is infectious/can be spread.

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4
Q

What are the four types of pathogen?

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

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5
Q

What 3 ways can pathogens be spread?

A

By direct contact, through water or through air.

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6
Q

Which 2 pathogens can reproduce rapidly inside the body?

A

Viruses and bacteria.

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7
Q

How do bacteria make you feel ill?

A

By producing toxins (poisons) that damage tissues and make us feel ill.

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8
Q

Where do viruses live and reproduce, and what does this cause?

A

They live and reproduce inside cells which causes cell damage.

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9
Q

What is a vector?

A

An agent which carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another organism.

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10
Q

Which type of pathogen causes measles?

A

Virus.

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

Fever and a red skin rash.

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12
Q

Is measles a serious illness?

A

Yes - it can be fatal if complications arise.

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13
Q

What precaution is taken to prevent young children from getting measles?

A

They are vaccinated against measles.

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14
Q

How is the measles virus spread?

A

Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs.

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15
Q

What type of pathogen causes HIV?

A

Virus.

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16
Q

What type of illness does HIV initially cause?

A

A flu-like illness.

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17
Q

What type of drugs can HIV be controlled with?

A

Antireteroviral drugs.

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18
Q

What does HIV do if not controlled?

A

Attacks the body’s immune cells.

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19
Q

When does AIDS occur?

A

When the body’s immune system become so badly damage that it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers.

20
Q

What are the two ways which HIV is spread?

A

Through sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids (eg. sharing needles).

21
Q

What does TMV stand for?

A

Tobacco mosaic virus.

22
Q

What type of pathogen causes TMV?

A

Virus.

23
Q

What does TMV affect?

A

Many species of plants including tomatoes.

24
Q

How can you tell that a plant has TMV?

A

It gives a distinct mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves.

25
Q

How does TMV affect a plant?

A

It affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis.

26
Q

What pathogen causes salmonella?

A

Bacteria.

27
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

By bacteria ingested in food or food prepared in unhygenic conditions.

28
Q

In the UK, what precaution is taken to stop poultry getting salmonella?

A

They are vaccinated against it to control the spread.

29
Q

What symptoms will someone develop with salmonella?

A

Faver, abdominal cramps, diarrohea and vomiting.

30
Q

What pathogen cause gonorrhoea?

A

Bacteria.

31
Q

Why type of disease is gonorrhoea?

A

An STD.

32
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

A think yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain when urinating.

33
Q

What was gonorrhoea originally treated with and why does that not work now?

A

It was originally treated with antibiotic penicillin until many resistant strains appeared.

34
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread?

A

By sexual contact.

35
Q

How can the spread of gonorrhoea be controlled?

A

Antibiotics or by using a barrier method of contraception such as wearing a condom.

36
Q

What pathogen causes rose black spot?

A

Fungi.

37
Q

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

A

Purple or black spots on the leaves of plants, which often make leaves turn yellow and drop early.

38
Q

How does rose black spot prevent the growth of a plant?

A

It reduces the surface area of a leaf, which reduces photosynthesis.

39
Q

How is rose black spot spread in the environment?

A

By water or wind.

40
Q

How can rose black spot be treated?

A

Fungicides and/or removing the affected leaves.

41
Q

What pathogen causes malaria?

A

Protists.

42
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

Through mosquitos (which act as vectors).

43
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

Recurrent episodes of fever.

44
Q

How can the spread of malaria be controlled?

A

Preventing mosquitos from breeding and using mosquito nets.

45
Q

got up o

to

A

human defence systems

biology (24 decks)

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