Topic 3 - Infection and Response Flashcards
Antibiotics
Medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body.
Clinical drug testing
Drug testing done on healthy human volunteers and patients.
Communicable disease
A disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly.
Double blind trial
A study performed where neither the researcher or patient know whether the patient is taking the drug or a placebo.
Gonorrhoea
A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium with
symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
An infectious virus that weakens the
immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
Malaria
A disease caused by a protist that causes recurrent episodes of fever
and can be fatal.
Measles
A serious disease caused by a virus that shows symptoms of fever and
a red skin rash.
Monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies produced from a single clone of cells that are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen.
Non-communicable disease
A disease which cannot be spread between individuals.
Non-specific defence
General physical and chemical barriers that defend the
body against lots of different types of pathogen.
Pathogens
Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
Placebo
A substance designed to be indistinguishable from a drug being tested
but has no actual effect on the patient.
Preclinical drug testing
Drug testing done in a laboratory using cells, tissues
and live animals.
Rose black spot
A fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on
leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early.
Salmonella
A bacterial disease that is spread by bacteria ingested in food and
can cause a fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Side effects
Other additional effects that the drug has that are different from the
expected effect of the drug.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
A widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants which produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves and limits the plant growth.
Vaccination
The process of introducing small quantities of dead or inactive
forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.
White blood cell
An important type of cell that makes up the immune system and produces antibodies and antitoxins.
