Topic 2 - Organisation Flashcards
Amylase
An enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks
carbohydrates down into simple sugars.
Aorta
The main artery that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
Artery
A blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart.
Benign tumour
An abnormal cell growth that is contained within one area and does not invade other areas of the body.
Bile
A substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder which is used to
neutralise stomach acid in the intestine and emulsify fats.
Blood
A tissue containing red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
Cancer
A non-communicable disease caused by changes in the cell that lead to
uncontrolled growth and division.
Capillary
A very thin blood vessel that is used for exchange of substances.
Cell
The basic building block of all living organisms.
Communicable disease
A disease that can be spread between individuals either directly or indirectly.
Coronary heart disease
A disease caused by the buildup of fatty deposits inside the coronary artery, narrowing it and reducing blood flow to the heart tissue.
Enzymes
Biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions in living organisms.
Health
The state of physical and mental wellbeing.
Lipase
An enzyme that is produced in the pancreas that breaks lipids down into
fatty acids and glycerol.
Lock and key hypothesis
A theory that describes how substrates must be the correct shape to fit the active site of an enzyme.
Malignant tumour
A cancerous cell growth that invades neighbouring tissues
and can spread to different parts of the body in the blood.
Meristem tissue
Plant tissues containing undifferentiated stem cells.
Non-communicable disease
A disease which cannot be spread between
individuals.
Organ systems
Groups of organs that work together to form organisms.
Palisade mesophyll
A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised to carry out
photosynthesis.
Phloem
A transport tissue found in plants which is specialised to transport sugars
from source to sink.
Protease
An enzyme produced in the stomach and pancreas that breaks proteins down into
amino acids.
Pulmonary artery
The main artery that takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary vein
The main vein that takes oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs.
