topic 3 - infection and response

Question 1

define pathogens

Answer 1

microorganisms that can cause disease

Question 2

how can fungi kill you?

(1 marker)

Answer 2

the hyphae can penetrate the skin

Question 3

give one example of a fungal disease

(1 marker)

Answer 3

rose black spot

Question 4

what happens when a plant has rose black spot?

rose black spot

(3 marker)

Answer 4

-the leaves start to turn yellow and drop off
-this reduces the plants ability to photosynthesise and it doesn’t grow well.

Question 5

how can you treat rose black spot?

(2 marker)

Answer 5

-chop off the infected leaves
-spray with fungicide

Question 6

how does rose black spot spread?

(1 marker)

Answer 6

by water

Question 7

are protists prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 7

eukaryotes

Question 8

give one example of a protist

Answer 8

a parasite

Question 9

what is a parasite?

Answer 9

an organism that lives on or inside another organism and depends on them to survive

Question 10

how can protists be transported?

(1 marker)

Answer 10

by vectors such as insects

Question 11

define a parasitic protist

Answer 11

a protist that needs a host to survive

Question 12

what is the vector for malaria?

Answer 12

a mosquito

Question 13

how can you prevent malaria?

(4 marker)

Answer 13

-reducing the number of vectors (mosquitoes)
-mosquito repellent
-mosquito nets
-vaccines

Question 14

how can you reduce the number of mosquitoes?

(2 marker)

Answer 14

-killing them with insecticides
-destroying breeding sites

Question 15

can viruses reproduce by themselves?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

why do viruses make us feel ill?

Answer 16

• the virus enters our cells and replicate
  -this causes the cell to burst and this repeats

Question 17

give three examples of viruses

Answer 17

-HIV
-measles
-tobacco mosaic virus

Question 18

how is measles spread?

Answer 18

-when an infected person coughs
-when an infected person sneezes

Question 19

what are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 19

-a red rash forms across the body
-a fever

Question 20

how is HIV spread?

Answer 20

-it is spread by sexual contact
-by exchanging bodily fluids

Question 21

what does HIV stand for?

Answer 21

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 22

symptoms of HIV

Answer 22

-fever
-tiredness
-aches

Question 23

why is HIV dangerous?

Answer 23

-after a few symptoms you would start to feel better
-however the viruses would be causing more damage to the immune system inside.
-eventually this would make the immune system weak
-they would begin to catch unusual infections (eg cancer).

Question 24

when is the virus classed as AIDS?

Answer 24

once the immune system is weak enough to catch unusual infections easily:

Question 25

what treatment is there for HIV?

Answer 25

-antiretroviral drugs

Question 26

what do antiretroviral drugs do?

Answer 26

they prevent the virus from replicating

Question 27

what species does tobacco mosaic virus affect?

Answer 27

-tobacco plants
-tomato plants

Question 28

why is TMV a problem?

Answer 28

-a mosaic pattern of discoloured spots appear.
-this means photosynthesis can’t take place.
- this means the plant can’t produce enough sugars for proper growth.