topic 3 - infection and response Flashcards
define pathogens
microorganisms that can cause disease
how can fungi kill you?
(1 marker)
the hyphae can penetrate the skin
give one example of a fungal disease
(1 marker)
rose black spot
what happens when a plant has rose black spot?
rose black spot
(3 marker)
-the leaves start to turn yellow and drop off
-this reduces the plants ability to photosynthesise and it doesn’t grow well.
how can you treat rose black spot?
(2 marker)
-chop off the infected leaves
-spray with fungicide
how does rose black spot spread?
(1 marker)
by water
are protists prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
eukaryotes
give one example of a protist
a parasite
what is a parasite?
an organism that lives on or inside another organism and depends on them to survive
how can protists be transported?
(1 marker)
by vectors such as insects
define a parasitic protist
a protist that needs a host to survive
what is the vector for malaria?
a mosquito
how can you prevent malaria?
(4 marker)
-reducing the number of vectors (mosquitoes)
-mosquito repellent
-mosquito nets
-vaccines
how can you reduce the number of mosquitoes?
(2 marker)
-killing them with insecticides
-destroying breeding sites
can viruses reproduce by themselves?
no
why do viruses make us feel ill?
- the virus enters our cells and replicate
-this causes the cell to burst and this repeats
give three examples of viruses
-HIV
-measles
-tobacco mosaic virus
how is measles spread?
-when an infected person coughs
-when an infected person sneezes
what are the symptoms of measles?
-a red rash forms across the body
-a fever
how is HIV spread?
-it is spread by sexual contact
-by exchanging bodily fluids
what does HIV stand for?
human immunodeficiency virus
symptoms of HIV
-fever
-tiredness
-aches
why is HIV dangerous?
-after a few symptoms you would start to feel better
-however the viruses would be causing more damage to the immune system inside.
-eventually this would make the immune system weak
-they would begin to catch unusual infections (eg cancer).
when is the virus classed as AIDS?
once the immune system is weak enough to catch unusual infections easily:
what treatment is there for HIV?
-antiretroviral drugs
what do antiretroviral drugs do?
they prevent the virus from replicating
what species does tobacco mosaic virus affect?
-tobacco plants
-tomato plants
why is TMV a problem?
-a mosaic pattern of discoloured spots appear.
-this means photosynthesis can’t take place.
- this means the plant can’t produce enough sugars for proper growth.
