Topic 3: Genetics Flashcards
Role of mitotic cell division?
Production of four daughter cells each with half number of chromosomes and this is formation of genetically different haploid gametes
Difference between haploid and diploid cells
Haploid contain one set of chromosome while diploid contains two sets of chromosomes
What is dna? (3)
1)dna is a polymer made up of two stands coiled form a double helix
2)linked by series of complementary base pairs joined together by weak hydrogen bonds
3)nucleotide that consist of sugar and phosphate group with one of the four different base pair attacked to sugar
What are nucleotides
Building blocks of dna
What is a genom
Entire dna of an organism
What is a gene
Section of a dna molecules that codes for a specific protein
Why do u grind the fruit up for extracting dna
To break open the cells and release dna
Why do u add detergent after grinding the fruit
To break down the cell membrane and the membrane around the nucleus to help realse the dna
Why do u add salt to extract dna
To make the dna stick together
Why do u add ice cold ethanol after filtration the solution with detergent and salt
To precipitate the dna (come out of the solution)
The differences in inherited characteristics as a result of alleles
Dominant alleles are always expresses so this cause difference in characteristics
What are alleles
Difference version of the same gene
What is heterozygous in biology
Having two different version of the same gene
What is homozygous
When your inheritance the same dna sequence for a specific gene
What is the genotype of and organism
The genetic makeup of an organism
What is phenotype
Individuals observable traits(physical observable)
What are gamates
Reproductive cell
What is monohydrate inheritance
Inheritance of characteristics controlled by a single gene
What is genetic varation
Different characteristics as a result of mutation and reproduction
What is environmental varation
Different in characteristif caused by an organisms environment
