topic 3 genetics

Question 1

what is the genome

Answer 1

all the etire genetic material of an organisms

Question 2

what is dna

Answer 2

dna is a double helic plymer

Question 3

what is apolymer

Answer 3

a polymer is a long chain of a specific molecules joined up together

Question 4

what is a gene

Answer 4

a small section of dna that codes for a specfic sequenec of amino acids which code for a portein

Question 5

what are chromosomes

Answer 5

long strands of dna coiled up

Question 6

how many chrosomes does a human have

Answer 6

23 pairs

Question 7

how can dna be extracted from a fruit

Answer 7

frind the strawbeery down add detergent
filter the sample
add ethanol
and remove the dna with a wire lool

Question 8

why do you grind up the strawberry

Answer 8

to break down the cellw wall

Question 9

why do you filter the strawbeery out

Answer 9

to leave the filtrate in

Question 10

why do you add ethanol to the strawbeery

Answer 10

dna will kove into the ethanol by precipetation

Question 11

what is gene therapy

Answer 11

inserting new or modiefied genes into a cells genome to treat the disease

Question 12

why is gene sequency good

Answer 12

understand an improve inherted dieases
identifity different genes
personalise the medicine

Question 13

what is a nucleotides made from

Answer 13

a phosphate , a sugar and a base

Question 14

what are nucleotides

Answer 14

small unites that repeat throughout dna

Question 15

what are dna held by

Answer 15

weak hydrogen bonds between opposite bases

Question 16

what is the strand of made from

Answer 16

sugar phosphate strand

Question 17

what is a codon

Answer 17

three bases together . each codon makes one amino acid

Question 18

what happens in transcription

Answer 18

dna strand is unzipped . one strand is used to make a template od dna is the form of mrna . the rna polymerase joins the mrna template together . a pairs up with u and then the mrna leaves the nucleus

Question 19

where is transcription takes place

Answer 19

in the nucleus

Question 20

differences between mrna and dna

Answer 20

shorter than dna
only a single strand
it has uracil insted of thymaine

Question 21

a on the dna strand is going to pair with a - on the mrna

Answer 21

u

Question 22

what does rna polymerase do

Answer 22

binds to the start of the gene and changes the dna to mrna

Question 23

what is the enxyme called that changes dna into mrna

Answer 23

rna polymerase

Question 24

what is the whole point tf transcirion and tramsaltion

Answer 24

making porteins

making a copy of a gene so it can leave to the ribosomes

Question 25

what happens in translation

Answer 25

mrna strand binds to the ribosomes by adding one amino acid at a time . the amonio acids are rbought by trna

Question 26

what is trna stands for

Answer 26

transfer r n a

Question 27

what is on the trnba

Answer 27

amonio acid at the top and the anti-codon at the botton(the bases ) . complemetray to the bases on the mrna .

Question 28

what are the two different types of cell division

Answer 28

mitosis and meisos

Question 29

what does mitosis result in

Answer 29

2 gentically identical daughter cells

Question 30

what reprodction is used for mitosis

Answer 30

asexual repoduction

Question 31

what does meiosos redult in

Answer 31

four gentically non-dientical cells

Question 32

what reporudtcion is used for mieosis

Answer 32

sexual reproduction

Question 33

what does divsion by meisos reproduces gametes withhb

Answer 33

Division of cells by meiosis (or meiotic division) in reproductive organs produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes found in all other body cells.

Question 34

four key features of asexual repoduction

Answer 34

no fusion of gamete ospprings are gentically identical one parent mitois

Question 35

what are the advantages to asexual reproduction

Answer 35

fater than sexual repdouction if conditions are favourable then prodccuing clones is great less energyn used

Question 36

what are the four key features of sexual reporduction

Answer 36

gametes fuse osprrings are gentically non-dentical 2 parents meiois

Question 37

what are the sex cells in plants

Answer 37

pollen and ovum

Question 38

postives of sexual reproduction

Answer 38

can spped up artifical selction | variation in offspeing

Question 39

what can produce asexually and sexually

Answer 39

strawbeeries and fungi

Question 40

why is there variation within a certain population

Answer 40

because of genetic and environment causes

Question 41

what is a phenotype

Answer 41

the observable charcateristics | e.g. brown ahir

Question 42

what is the genotype

Answer 42

the alleles for the charceteristic | e.g. bb