health and disease

Question 1

what is health

Answer 1

overall state of physcial and mental well-being

Question 2

what can affect your health

Answer 2

diet ,excersise , community , genes

Question 3

what is a pathogen

Answer 3

a microrganism that causes diesease

Question 4

name examples of pathogens

Answer 4

viruses , bacteria , funig , protists

Question 5

how can pathogens be spread

Answer 5

air , touch , blood , vector , direct conyact

Question 6

how can bacteria make you feel ill

Answer 6

they can make you feel ill by porducing tosins

Question 7

what type f cells are potists

Answer 7

eukaryotic cells

Question 8

how do viruses make you feel ill

Answer 8

they li8ive isnide your celss and replicate themselves using cell machinery to producie many copies of themselves and the cell will evntually burst releasing all new viruses . this cell damage will make you feel ill

Question 9

whare are sme rotists are

Answer 9

paratisites

Question 10

what are parasites

Answer 10

live on or inside other organisms and can cause damage they are normally transferred by a vector

Question 11

what are funigi

Answer 11

they can be single celled or made up of hyphae and these hyphae produce spores which can be spread to other plants and animals

Question 12

three viral diseases

Answer 12

mealsels
hiv
tobacco mosaic

Question 13

what is hiv caused by

Answer 13

sexual contact or by exchnging bodily fluids

Question 14

a type of fungal diease

Answer 14

rose black spot

Question 15

a type of diease caused by a porists

Answer 15

malaria

Question 16

bacteria dieases

Answer 16

salmonella and gonorrhea

Question 17

how can the spread of dieases decrease

Answer 17

by being hygienic
destroying vectors
isolating infected indiviuals
vaccinations

Question 18

how does your skin act as a barrier to pathogens

Answer 18

it secrets antimrocobical sustances which kill pathogens

Question 19

how does your stomach pretect against pathogens

Answer 19

it produces hyrdorchloirc acid which kills pathogens

Question 20

how does your trachae and bronchi pretect against pathogens

Answer 20

they are lined with cillia which are ahir like structures whoch waft mucus up to the back of your throat

Question 21

how can your immune system attack pathogens

Answer 21

it has white blood cells

Question 22

how do white blood cells killl pathogens

Answer 22

cosum trhem and produce antibodies

Question 23

how do white blood cells consume pathogens

Answer 23

theyu engulf foreign cells and digest them

Question 24

what is phagocyttosis

Answer 24

when white blood cells van engulf foriegn cells and digest them

Question 25

how do white blood cells produce antibodies

Answer 25

when wgite blood cells come across a foreign antigen they will start producing porteins calles antigen so they can lock o=unto the invading cells so they can be found and destroyed by other white cells . . and then if infected with the same pathogen the antibodies will kill the patjogen

Question 26

what are vaccinations

Answer 26

infecting a dead or inactive pathogen and these carry antigens and your body will porduce antibodies to attack them

Question 27

postives of vaccinations

Answer 27

have helped a lot of communicable dieases

epidemics can be prevnted if a large percentage of the population is prevented

Question 28

cons of vaccinations

Answer 28

they don’t always work

you can have a bad reaction to them

Question 29

how cqn bacteria become resistant some bacteria

Answer 29

if you have an infections some bacteria can become reistsnt . so when treating it some bacteria will stay behind . thr individual will survive and reproduce

Question 30

three main stages in drug testing

Answer 30

1-testing it on humn cells and tissue
testing the drug on live animals
clinnical trails on volunteers

Question 31

what are antibodies produced by

Answer 31

a white blood cell called b-lymphocyet

Question 32

what are monoclonal antibodies

Answer 32

produced from lots of clones of a single white blood cell.

Question 33

how are monoclonal antibodies made

Answer 33

mouse is injected with an intigen
b-lymphocyte taken away from the mouse
they make hybridoma cells.
it divides quickly to produce lots of clones that porduce the monoclonal antiboid=es

Question 34

lytic cell division

Answer 34

viruses attaches unto the cell
viruse inject genetic materail unto the cell
viral gentic material froms a circle
new viral genetic material makes proteins
geneitc material and porteins are produced
cell undergo cell lyses
viruse is released into the bloood an dbind unto nw cells and undergoes the rocess agin

Question 35

lysogenic life cyle

Answer 35

viruse attavhes into the bacterial cells
injects viral genetic material
bind viral dna and inserts into the bacterial dna undergo binary fission where bacteria reproduces replicating viral genetic material
viral generic material can seperate frim baceria dna
lytic pathway