Topic 3 - Food and farming in South Africa Flashcards
What does the food you eat give to your body?
Energy
Define sources
the places, people of things from where something comes
Name 4 different sources that food comes from
Animals
plants
factories
shops
When food from plants or animals have been changed in some way, what is that food called?
Processed food (eg cooked carrots or boiled and mashed potatoes)
Name 5 different ways in which people get food.
Buy (from a shop of market) grow (in the garden) collect (eggs from a hen) fish farm (by growing food or keeping animals for food)
Subsistence farmers
grow their own food and keep just enough animals to feed their families (not enough to sell to factories, shops or markets)
Describe a typical subsistence farm in South Africa
A small farm.
The farmers are often women and their children help them while the husbands and fathers work in the town or the city.
They do not have tractors or ploughs or a sprinkler system, but do all the work with their hands - using spades, forks, hoes and buckets for water.
There may be a few veggies, a cow or goat for milk and meat, and chickens for eggs and meat.
Subsistence workers have many problems. Can you name them?
Money (to buy seeds and fertiliser, to help sick animals get better)
Locusts that come and eat the crops
Not enough rain for the crops to grow
Name the 4 different groups of food crops that grow in SA, and where they come from
(Study the map and questions on pg 57. Revise provinces on pg 41.)
- Deciduous fruit (apples, pears, peaches, apricots) - mainly Western Cape, Northern Cape
- Sugar cane (Natal), wheat (Western Cape, Free State, Eastern Cape), maize (Northern Free State), rooibos tea (Western Cape)
- Citrus fruit (oranges, lemons, naartjies, grapefruit) - Limpopo, North West, Mpumalanga, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Natal
- Sup-Tropical fruit ((pawpaws, babanas, pineapples) - Limpopo, Eastern Cape, Natal
Stock farmers
keep animals (like sheep, goats, cows and pigs)
Poultry farmers
Stock farmers who keep chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese
Factory farm
A farm where animals are kept under strict conditions so that the farm produces as much food as possible
Unprocessed foods
food that are not changed in any way
Why do people process foods?
to stop it form going bad (if you do not have a fridge)
to make it tastier (add salt or honey)
to make it safer to eat (braai or cook the meat)
ALSO to make it look better
to make it easier to prepare
to add vitamins and minerals
Where are food processed?
In factories and in our kitchens
How do we process food in our kitchens?
Cooking, freezing, drying, canning, squeezing, mixing, cutting, salting, adding to it
Bread is made from
flour, water, salt, yeast
The process from wheat to bread generally happens in this order:
From farm to factory to shop to home
For extra exercises see pgs 69-71
Bon Appetit!
The 2 different ways of farming
Crop and Stock farming (growing crops and keeping animals)
Crops are
vegetables, fruit and wheat
Stocks are
Cattle (beef and dairy), sheep and goats, poultry
3 ways of farming
subsistence farming
commercial farming
growing food in towns and cities
What is commercial farming?
Farmers who produce enough food to sell to factories, shops and markets
Specialise
to concentrate on doing one thing. A farmer who focuses on growing only one type of crop or keeping one type of animal
Why do people grow food in towns and cities?
The farms cannot produce enough food for all the people in the towns and cities
Where do people grow crops in towns and cities?
in backyards, on rooftops, in old car tyres, in used tin cans, in school grounds, hospital grounds and prison grounds
