Topic 3: FDR and the New Deal

Question 1

when did Franklin D Roosevelt become president?

Answer 1

March 1933

Question 2

what percentage of the American workforce was unemployed 1932?

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

when was 25% of the American workforce unemployed?

Answer 3

1932

Question 4

what was the New Deal?

Answer 4

President Roosevelt’s programme to bring the US out of the economic depression

Question 5

what agencies did FDR create to combat the Great Depression?

Answer 5

Alphabet agencies

Question 6

why was the New Deal not effective for BA in the south?

Answer 6

fed gov relied on local and state authorities to oversee implementation

Question 7

which new deal agency aimed to stop agricultural overproduction?

Answer 7

AAA

Question 8

what year was the AAA established?

Answer 8

1933

Question 9

what was the effect of the AAA on BA?

Answer 9

• 1933-40: 200,000 black sharecroppers evicted (25%)
• often did not receive compensation for this

Question 10

how many BA sharecroppers were evicted due to the AAA?

Answer 10

200,000 1933-40
(25% of black sharecroppers)

Question 11

why did BA sharecroppers often not receive compensation for eviction?

Answer 11

• money given to white landowners to distribute until 1936 (kept for themselves)
• when cheques given directly to BA, would be threatened to hand over

Question 12

until what year was AAA compensation money given to white landowners to distribute?

Answer 12

1936

Question 13

which New Deal agency aimed to provide employment and electricity through building dams?

Answer 13

the TVA

Question 14

what year was the TVA estblished?

Answer 14

1933

Question 15

how were BA treated by the TVA?

Answer 15

Black TVA workers discriminated against- given segregated facilities and accommodation, restricted to unskilled jobs, given limited access to new housing.

Question 16

what was the reaction to discrimination in the TVA?

Answer 16

NAACP published an expose on discrimination

Question 17

what was the impact of the NAACP expose of the TVA?

Answer 17

conditions improved slightly

Question 18

what New Deal agency created jobs for young unemployed males?

Answer 18

CCC

Question 19

what kind of jobs did the CCC create for young males?

Answer 19

reforestation, soil conservation and forest management

Question 20

when was the CCC created?

Answer 20

1933

Question 21

stat for number of men employed by the CCC?

Answer 21

number working on reforestation and forest management:
250,000 1933-4
500,000 1935

Question 22

who was the head of the CCC?

Answer 22

Robert Fechner-southern racist

Question 23

in what ways was the CCC discriminatory under Robert Fechner?

Answer 23

• did nothing to encourage black recruitment until fed gov intervened
• BA restricted to low skilled jobs
• camps segregated after 1935 due to complaints

Question 24

how many BA did the CCC employ?

Answer 24

200,000

Question 25

when were CCC camps segregated and why?

Answer 25

after 1935 due to complaints

Question 26

example of racial tensions in the CCC?

Answer 26

Fort Dix, NJ-frequent strikes by black workers over discriminatory practices

Question 27

what did the CCC do?

Answer 27

created jobs for young males in reforestation, soil conservation and forest management

Question 28

which New Deal agencies created jobs through public works programmes?

Answer 28

PWA + WPA

Question 29

when was the PWA created?

Answer 29

1933

Question 30

what type of construction did the PWA do?

Answer 30

roads, schools, hospitals, dams etc

Question 31

how much government funding did the PWA get?

Answer 31

$3.3 billion

Question 32

how many people did the PWA employ?

Answer 32

hundreds of thousands of workers

Question 33

wan the PWA generally positive or negative for BA?

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

how much did the PWA spend on the construction and improvement of black schools, homes and hospitals?

Answer 34

$65 million

Question 35

in what ways did the PWA ensure racial inclusion?

Answer 35

- its Housing Division used quotas to ensure construction jobs for black workers - by 1940,over 30% of PWA constructed homes were occupied by BA - Ickes (leader) ensured equal pay for black PWA workers

Question 36

by what year was over 30% of PWA constructed homes were occupied by BA?

Answer 36

1940

Question 37

who did the WPA hire?

Answer 37

hired only people on relief who were paid directly by the federal government

Question 38

when was the WPA created?

Answer 38

1935