Topic 1: White Backlash

Question 1

when was the KKK formed?

Answer 1

1865

Question 2

who founded the KKK?

Answer 2

Nathan Bedford Forest

Question 3

how many members did the KKK have?

Answer 3

40,000 in Tennessee
1/2 a million across the South

Question 4

where was the KKK founded?

Answer 4

Tennessee

Question 5

how were politics and white backlash interlinked?

Answer 5

many white southern Democrats involved in KKK terrorism

Question 6

who/what did the KKK target?

Answer 6

black officials, schools and churches

Question 7

what were white supremacists fearful of?

Answer 7

an educated black population- empowered them

Question 8

how did the KKK respond to their fear of am educated black population?

Answer 8

destroyed 25 schools and killed 50 black teachers in Mississippi in response to state legislatures passing of a public school law 1870

Question 9

in what year did the KKK destroy 25 schools and kill 50 teachers in Mississippi?

Answer 9

1870

Question 10

what was Reconstruction depicted as by white southerners?

Answer 10

an era of black rule, murder, rape and arson

Question 11

why did many white southerners see BA as unfit to vote?

Answer 11

viewed as immature, irrational and open to corruption

Question 12

how did black literacy rates change during reconstruction?

Answer 12

doubled

Question 13

what percentage of black officials were provided by black schools and churches?

Answer 13

more than 25%

Question 14

in what period did black literacy rates double?

Answer 14

Reconstruction

Question 15

how did Republican state govs respond to KKK violence?

Answer 15

introduced laws to try and stop them

Question 16

why were laws to stop the KKK hard to enforce?

Answer 16

Klansmen gave alibis for each other and often sat on juries

Question 17

how many BA were killed by the KKK in white majority areas?

Answer 17

1000s

Question 18

how many lynchings took place and when?

Answer 18

1000s of BA unlawfully killed by white mobs 1865-77

Question 19

an example of a lynching?

Answer 19

1871- 500 Klansmen attacked Union County Jail in South Carolina and lynched 8 black prisoners

Question 20

when was the Ku Klux Klan Act passed?

Answer 20

1871

Question 21

what did the KKK Act do?

Answer 21

several thousand Klansmen indicted, but only a few leaders actually tried and most released by 1875

Question 22

when were most Klan leaders released by?

Answer 22

1875

Question 23

how many Klansmen were indicted under the KKK Act?

Answer 23

several thousand

Question 24

how many Klansmen were actually tried under the KKK Act?

Answer 24

only a few leaders

Question 25

in what years were 1000s of BA lynched?

Answer 25

1865-77

Question 26

what was the federal government response to Klan violence?

Answer 26

3 Enforcement Acts passed 1870-1. one of these was the KKK Act 1871

Question 27

what did the Enforcement Acts do?

Answer 27

protected the rights of BA to vote, hold office, serve on juries and be protected by the law

Question 28

when were the Enforcement Acts passed?

Answer 28

1870-1

Question 29

how many Enforcement Acts were there?

Answer 29

3

Question 29

what was the third of the Enforcement Acts?

Answer 29

the KKK Act 1871

Question 30

what did the KKK Act do?

Answer 30

gave President Grant the legal and military power to crush the Klan

Question 31

what was the impact of the KKK Act?

Answer 31

ended most Klan violence - hundreds of suspects imprisoned after President Grant imposed martial law in several areas of the South

Question 32

why wasn't the KKK Act fully successful?

Answer 32

other white supremacist groups began to spring up e.g. White Leagues

Question 33

when and where was the first White League set up?

Answer 33

March 1874 Louisiana

Question 34

what did the White League do in Louisiana?

Answer 34

1874- assassinated several Republican officials in Louisiana

Question 35

how did the Louisiana White League come to be viewed?

Answer 35

as the military wing of the Democratic party in Louisiana

Question 36

when was Democratic control restored in the South and Reconstruction ended?

Answer 36

1877

Question 37

how did black illiteracy rates change 1860-1880?

Answer 37

fell from 90% to 70%

Question 38

in what years did black illiteracy rates fall from 90% to 70%?

Answer 38

1860 to 1880

Question 39

what institutions allowed black education to increase, and black professionals to emerge in the Reconstruction era?

Answer 39

Freedmen's Bureau (Freedmen's Schools) and black churches

Question 40

what did President Grant announce in 1875?

Answer 40

that everyone was tired with the regular outbreaks of violence in the South

Question 41

when did President Grant announce that everyone was tired with the South?

Answer 41

1875

Question 42

what law showed that President Grant was growing tired with the South?

Answer 42

Amnesty Act 1872

Question 43

what did the Amnesty Act do?

Answer 43

returned voting and office holding rights to 150,000 ex-Confederates

Question 44

when was the Amnesty Act passed?

Answer 44

1872

Question 45

how many ex-Confederates did the Amnesty Act return voting and office holding rights to?

Answer 45

150,000

Question 46

what evidence is there the North was tired of the South's problem?

Answer 46

- Amnesty Act 1872 - end of Freedmen's Bureau 1872 - withdrawal of all federal troops from south in 1877

Question 47

why did the Republicans lose control of Congress?

Answer 47

economic depression 1873 - Republicans blamed - Democrats gained control of Congress

Question 48

when was there an economic depression?

Answer 48

1873

Question 49

what were the consequences of the economic depression in 1873?

Answer 49

Republicans blamed and lost control of Congress

Question 50

what did President Hayes do in 1877

Answer 50

withdrew all federal troops from the south

Question 51

when were all federal troops withdrawn from the south?

Answer 51

1877

Question 52

what did the withdrawal of federal troops from the south show?

Answer 52

lost interest in the south, willing to allowed restoration of white political supremacy

Question 53

when did Reconstruction come to an end?

Answer 53

late 1870s