Topic 3 Ethnic Minorities (Internal Factors)

Question 1

Name 3 aspects internally that make ethnic minorities underperform

Answer 1

Labelling and teacher racism
Pupil identities
Pupil subcultures

Question 2

Explain how labelling impacts ethnic minorities (theorists)

Answer 2

Gillborn and Youndell - found teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils this results in harsher labelling and poorer SFPs

Question 3

Explain how pupil identities impact ethnic minorities (theorists)

Answer 3

Archer - found teachers often see ethnic minorities as lacking characteristics of the ‘ideal pupil’

She found 3 different pupil identities, ideal pupils, pathologised pupils, and demonised pupils

Question 4

Explain how pupil response impacts ethnic minorities

Answer 4

Pupils respond to racism and labelling in different ways. Some may become disruptive or withdrawn, failing at education

Question 5

AO3 for pupil response to racism and labelling (theorist)

Answer 5

Fuller - studied year 11 black girls where they used the discrimination they faced to fuel their progress in school

Question 6

Name the sub-topics of institutionalised racism

Answer 6

Marketisation, ethnocentric curriculum, assessment, access to opportunities

Question 7

Explain institutionalised racism through marketisation (theorist)

Answer 7

Gillborn - Marketisation, which is where schools compete for students, allows negative stereotypes to influence school admissions.

Question 8

Define institutional racism

Answer 8

Discrimination that is built into the way institutions work

Question 9

Explain institutionalised racism through the ethnocentric curriculum (theorist)

Answer 9

Ball - the national curriculum overlooks ethnic minority culture promoting an attitude of ‘little englandism’

Question 10

AO3 for the ethnocentric curriculum

Answer 10

It ignores asian culture but Indians and chinease students still perform above average so may not cause failure

Question 11

Explain institutionalised racism through assessment (theorist)

Answer 11

Gillborn - assessment favour white students over ethnic minorities as tests in primary school are assessed by teachers based on opinions which are more negative towards ethnic minorities.

Question 12

Explain institutionalised racism through access to opportunities (theorist)

Answer 12

Gillborn - White students are 5 times more likely to be seen as gifted and talented rather than black students

Question 13

AO3 of institutional racism

Answer 13

Swell rejects Gillborn’s views saying that we should focus on external factors such as boys anti-school attitude

Question 14

Explain how intersectionality changes views on why ethnic minorities perform worse. (Theorist)

Answer 14

Connolly - studied 5 and 6 year olds and found that gender and class played a part in labelling not just ethnicity