Topic 3 Enforcing Law And Order Flashcards
What were tithings in medieval times?
Adult men grouped into 10s, if one broke law, others had to bring him to court
What was the hue and cry in medieval times?
Raised by victim, everyone who heard it was expected to help catch criminal
What happened if local groups could not track down criminals in medieval times?
Sheriff raised armed posse to search for them
What were the 3 courts in the medieval court system?
Manor courts
Church courts
Royal courts
What did manor courts do?
Judge petty crime in local area with jury, each manor has its own laws
What did church courts do?
For churchmen who committed moral offences (adultery/drunkenness), more lenient, local bishop decided each case and never issued death penalty
What did the royal courts do?
heard most serious cases, Royal judges visited each county 2-3 times a year to try cases, called assizes and lasted until 1971
What were 3 responsibilities of JPs in the early modern era?
Administer poor law
Punish offenders
Oversee and organise local parish constables and watchmen
What did a parish constable do?
Held unpaid post for a year, keep order and arrest those who broke law
What did watchmen do?
Patrolled streets at night, challenge strangers + arrest criminals carried bell, lantern and weapon for protection
Who were Charley’s?
1663 Charles II passed act creating force of low paid watchmen to patrol streets of London
Who were the first law officers paid for by public money?
Charleys
What were 3 reasons for opposition to a national police force?
Limit individual freedom and liberty - gov interference
Police too much power
Expensive cause tax rise
Who created the Bow Street Runners?
Fielding brothers
What idea did the bow street runners show?
Preventative policing
Who were the bow street runners?
Part time paid constables who worked for Bow Street Magistrates Court
When and where were the Met police established?
In London 1829
When was the met police extended to larger towns?
1835
Which act established police forces in the countryside?
Rural police act 1839
Which act made it compulsory for a police force to be set up in every county and replaced the system of JPs?
County and Borough Police Act 1856
What was the role of the police force in the modern era?
Maintenance of public order and prevention of crime
What changed rapidly for police in the modern era?
Methods and resources available
What happened to the number of police forces in 2000?
Reduced from 200 to 43
When was police training introduced?
1900
When were the first female police officers appointed?
1919
When were female police officers allowed to become detectives?
1973
When were neighbourhood watch schemes introduced - return to community responsibility?
1982
When was the national fingerprinting identification system established?
1995
When was the DNA national database established?
1995
