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Geography > Topic 3 - Development > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Main elements of development

A 
Education
Healthy lifestyles
Chance to work and earn a living
Justice for all
Equal society
Sustainable livin
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2
Q

MEDC

A

More economically developed country

Wealthy and industrialised nations

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3
Q

LEDC

A

Less economically developed countries

Usually poorer more agricultural nations many are in central Africa parts of Asia

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4
Q

What is development

A

About improving people’s lives

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5
Q

NICs

A

Newly industrialised countries

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6
Q

Examples of development indicators

A
  1. Life expectancy
  2. Literacy rates
  3. % of people employed in agriculture
  4. Number of people per doctors
  5. GDP
  6. % of population with access to clean water
  7. Infant mortality rate
  8. Car ownership
  9. Income per capita
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7
Q

Life expectancy

A

How long people are expected to live on average

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8
Q

Literacy rate

A

% of people who can read or write

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9
Q

GDP

A

Gross domestic product - total amount of goods and services produced in a year divided by total population

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10
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The number of babies who die before 1st bday per 1000 people per year

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11
Q

Car ownership

A

% of population that owns one or more car

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12
Q

Where is Ghana

A

West Africa
Bordering south Atlantic Ocean, cote D’Ivoire, Togo and Burkina.
Between Tropic of Cancer and equator

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13
Q

Population of Ghana

A

23 million

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14
Q

Life expectancy of Ghana

A

59

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15
Q

Climate of Ghana

A

In the tropics -> warm
South is wet
South east is dry
Further north the hotter and drier suffers from drought

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16
Q

Physical geography of Ghana

A

Most is low and flat

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17
Q

Lakes and rivers in Ghana

A

Lake Volta -> artificial made from a dam built on river Volta

18
Q

Capital city of Ghana

A

Accra

19
Q

Natural resources of Ghana

A 
Gold and diamonds
Bauxite - aluminium ore
Oil and gas
Forests - timber
Fish from sea and lake Volta
Climate suits cocoa and palm oil crops
20
Q

Economy of Ghana

A

Farming

21
Q

Define loan

A

When money is borrowed on the condition that it will be paid back

22
Q

Define debt

A

When money is owed from one person/country to another

23
Q

World bank

A

A joint bank owned by the government of 180 countries set up to provide loans for development

24
Q

How does Ghana get into heavy debt cycle

A

Sells crops and minerals to other countries as usual -> but prices have dropped -> doesn’t earn as much as hoped -> borrows money -> still has to pay interest on loans -> leaves short of money for imports and development projects -> cycle starts again

25
Q

Why might Ghana suffer from more debt than other countries

A

They do not produce as much good as other countries - isn’t as reliable goods such as agriculture, agriculture is cheaper than other goods - has to borrow

26
Q

How could Ghana break the debt cycle

A 
Increase tourism
Invest in education 
Industrialise
Raise taxes
Cancel debts-- debt relief from world bank
27
Q

How can wealth disparities be reduced (7 ways)

A
  1. Debt relief
  2. Fairtrade
  3. Increasing trade in a country
  4. Charity work
  5. Investing in health care
  6. Borrowing money from world bank
  7. Investing in education
28
Q

What’s debt relief

A

Partial or total cancelling of debt. Helps poor countries to invest in developing other areas of the country e.g. Health care

29
Q

What’s fair trade

A

Ensures producers in LEDCs receive a fair price for their produce

30
Q

How DOES investing in healthcare reduce wealth disparities

A

Increases the number of people who work by increasing the life expectancy

31
Q

How does investment in education reduce wealth disparities

A

Increases the skillet and provides better job opportunities

32
Q

Define bilateral aid

A

Aid from one country to another

33
Q

Multilateral aid

A

Aid from more than one country or organisation to another

34
Q

Describe large scale ai

A

Money from rich county is given to poor country.
Money used to build factories new roads and dams.
Jobs are given to forgien planners and engineers.
Money has to be paid to the rich country for salaries and machinery.
Factory owners become richer - export more increasing country’s GDP.
No help does to factory workers and unemployed, farm workers

35
Q

Describe small scale aid

A

Money from rich country given to poor country to pay for health clinics, new crops for small scale farmers and local water supplies.
Poorer people become richer - higher demand for goods.
New factories - more people employed and have more money to buy food.
Government has more taxes to pay for schools, roads, hospitals, and housing.
Poverty rate decreased - more long term

36
Q

How does being mountainous hold back development

A
  • difficult to reach
  • trading is difficult -> no income from trading -> difficult to improve the transports and railways for trading -> low GDP
  • many tourists avoid going for ease - no tourist income
36
Q

Why does having big debts to pay off hold back development

A
  • cannot improve living spaces and public areas
  • can’t afford to trade with other countries -> no foreign products
  • cannot afford health care - spread of diseases
  • people angry at government - cause riots
  • have to pay interest
37
Q

How does millions of people suffering from AIDS hold back development

A
  • most of the governments investments are going towards hospitals -> tourism isn’t main priority
  • GDP goes down as workers are dying, parents are dying -> children orphaned -> children on streets -> children not going to school -> future uneducated population -> no GDP as not able to get jobs
38
Q

How does being a British colony for 50 years hold back developments

A
  • needs money as independent
  • still less economically developed
  • angry civilians for leaving britain
39
Q

How does others refusing to trade due to politics hold back development

A
  • LEDC -> cannot trade

- low GDP

40
Q

Aims of water aid

A

Clean water and sanitation for all

41
Q

How does water aid help

A
  • use local partnership
  • women included in planning and design
  • use sanitation methods that appeal to civilians e.g. Latrines so kids are not scared
  • install less dangerous more convenient water supplies
  • use local materials and simple designs , cheaper and locals can repair in future
  • women can work and provide food as do not have to go far for water -> improves economy

Geography (4 decks)

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