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Computer Science > Topic 3 - Computers > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Computers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Address bus

A

Carries the address of instructions and data from the CPU to the memory unit

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2
Q

What is the ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit where logical comparisons are handled, allowing a program to make decisions

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3
Q

What is Anti-malware software

A

Software that protects computing devices against malicious code

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4
Q

What is Backup software

A

Utility software that takes a copy of digital files and stores it on a backup device or remote storage locatio

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5
Q

What is a Clock

A

A part of the CPU that sends out regular pulses, synchronising parts to hardware

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6
Q

What is a Compiler

A

A program that converts source code into machine code for high level languages

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7
Q

What is the Control bus

A

A set of wires that carry commands and control signals

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8
Q

What is the Control unit

A

Decodes instructions

Sends signals to control how data moves around the CPU

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9
Q

What is the CPU

A

Central Processing Unit decodes and executes instructions

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10
Q

What is a data bus

A

A set of wires that carry data to and from the processor

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11
Q

What is Data compression

A

Reducing the size of a file

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12
Q

What is an Embedded system

A

A computer system within a larger mechanical or electrical system designed for a specialist purpose

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13
Q

What is the Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

A

The complete process of retrieving an instruction from store, decoding it and carrying it out

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14
Q

What is File management

A

Software which allows you to manage files and folders

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15
Q

What is File repair

A

Utility software that can attempt to correct corruptions in files and data

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16
Q

What is a High-level language

A

Source code is aimed at humans that is similar to english

17
Q

What is an Interpreter

A

Translates and executes a program one statement at a time

18
Q

What is a Low-level language

A

A language that is most suited to the machine architecture which is close to machine code

19
Q

What is Machine code

A

The binary executed by a specific processor architecture

20
Q

What is Magnetic storage

A

Storage medium which uses surfaces coated with a layer of magnetic material on which data can be stored by magnetically setting the arrangement of the material

21
Q

What is an Operating system

A

Provides a user interface to manage processor, memory, peripherals, files and logins

22
Q

What is Optical storage

A

Stores data on pits and lands which is read by a laser

23
Q

What is Peripheral management

A

The process of an operating system dealing with requests/input/output to and from any connected devices

24
Q

What is Process management

A

The operating system deciding which process to execute next

25
Q

What is RAM

A

Temporary store of currently executing instructions and their data

26
Q

What is the Register

A

Designed for a specific purpose, where data or control information is stored temporarily

27
Q

What is Robust software

A

A program written to handle a range of unexpected inputs and situations without crashing

28
Q

What is Secondary storage

A

A permanent storage of instructions and data not currently in use by the processor

29
Q

What is Solid state storage

A

Non-volatile storage that contains no moving parts

30
Q

What is a Translator

A

Translates source code written in a high-level language into machine code

31
Q

What is User management

A

Allows different user settings on the same computer and manages access rights

32
Q

What is Utility software

A

A systems program that performs some specific task in the operation of the computer

33
Q

What is the Von Neumann architecture

A

Instructions are fetched, decoded and executed one at a time

Computer Science (5 decks)

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