Topic 3 - Classification and Biodiversity

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

The process of naming and organising organisms into groups based on their characteristics

Question 2

What are the 8 groups of classification

Answer 2

(Do) Domain - archaea, bacteria, eukarya
(Keep) Kingdom - anamalia, plantae, fungi, prokaryotes, protocista
(Putting) Phylum
(Condoms) Class
(On) Order
(For) Family
(Good) Genus
(Sex) Species

Question 3

Techniques used to distinguish between species and determine evolutionary relationships

Answer 3

Gel electrophoresis
DNA sequencing
Bioinformatics

Question 4

How does the scientific community evaluate data

Answer 4

• Findings are published in scientific journals and presented at scientific conferences
• Peer review

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

A group of organisms with similar characteristics that can reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring

Question 6

Species niche

Answer 6

Its role within its ecosystem/habitat

Question 7

Anatomical adaptations

Answer 7

Physical adaptations (external or internal)

Question 8

Behavioural adaptations

Answer 8

Changes in behaviour which improve the organism’s chance of survival

Question 9

Physiological adaptations

Answer 9

Processes involving enzymes/hormones that increase an organism’s chance of survival

Question 10

Natural selection

Answer 10

The process in which fitter individuals who are better adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce and pass on the advantageous alleles to their offspring

Question 11

Evolution

Answer 11

The process by which the frequency of alleles in a gene pool changes over time as a resukt of natural selection

Question 12

Evolution via natural selection

Answer 12

• A variety of phenotypes exist within a population due to mutations
• An environment change occurs and as a result of that, the selection pressure changes
• Some individuals possess advantageous alleles which give them a selective advantage and allow them to survive and reproduce
• The advantageous alleles are passed on to their offspring
• Over time, the frequency of alleles in a population changes

Question 13

Speciation

Answer 13

If populations become reproductively isolated, new species formed

Question 14

Allopatric or sympatric speciation

Answer 14

Allopatric - where isolation is geographic
Sympatric - type of isolation e.g. temporal, behavioural, gametic