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gcse physics year 10 > topic 3 > Flashcards

topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three states of matter

A
  • solid
  • liquid
  • gases
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2
Q

how are particles held together in solids

A
  • held close together by strong forces in a regular, fixed pattern
  • don’t have much energy
  • particles only vibrate around a fixed position
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3
Q

how are the particles held together in liquids

A
  • particles held together closely, in an irregular pattern
  • have more energy than the particles in a solid
  • can move past each other in random directions at low speeds
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4
Q

how are the particles held together in a liquid

A
  • particles are not held close together
  • particles have more energy than in liquids and solids
  • particles constantly move in random directions at a range of speeds
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5
Q

what are the particles in gases free to do

A

free to move around

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6
Q

what do gas particles do when in a container

A

collide with each other and the sides of the container

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7
Q

when gas particles hit something what do they apply

A

they apply a force to it

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8
Q

what is pressure

A

the force applied over a given area

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9
Q

if you increase the temperature of a gas what happens

A

you increase the pressure

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10
Q

if particles have more energy in their kinetic store what do they do

A

they move faster

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11
Q

if gas gets hotter what does it particles do

A

move faster

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12
Q

what do faster particles do in containers and what does it increase on the container

A

hit the sides of the container more often. This increases the force on the container

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13
Q

if you increase the temperature of gas what else are you increasing

A

its pressure

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14
Q

what is the equation for density

A

density= mass (kg)/ volume (m3)

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15
Q

what does the density of an object depend on

A

what its made of and how its particles are arranged

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16
Q

what are the particles like in a dense material

A

packed tightly together

17
Q

How is energy stored in a system by

A

By its particles (atoms and molecules)

18
Q

So when energy is stored in a system, what energy do the particles have

A

They have energy in their kinetic energy stores and their potential energy stores because of their positions

19
Q

What is the internal energy of a system

A

It is the total energy that all its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores

20
Q

What happens when you heat a system

A

It transfers energy to its particles

21
Q

When heating a system what does it increase and what does it lead to

A

The system’s internal energy- leads to Change in Temperature or a Change of State

22
Q

Solid to a liquid is called …

A

Melting

23
Q

Liquid to a gas is called …

A

Boiling or evaporating

24
Q

Gas to a liquid is called …

A

Condensing

25
Q

Liquid to a solid is called …

A

Freezing

26
Q

A solid all the way to a liquid is called …

A

Sublimating

27
Q

What is specific latent heat

A

The energy needed to change the state of a 1kg mass without changing its temperature

28
Q

What is the “energy transferred during a change of state” called

A

Latent heat

29
Q

For heating, what is latent heat

A

the energy GAINED to cause a change of state

30
Q

For cooling, what is latent heat

A

The energy RELEASED by a change of state

31
Q

What is the latent heat equation

A

Energy(J) = mass (kg) X specific latent heat (J/kg)

32
Q

What is the specific latent heat called for changing between a SOLID and a LIQUID

A

Specific latent heat of FUSION

33
Q

What is the specific latent heat capacity called for changing between a LIQUID and a GAS

A

Specific latent heat of VAPORISATION

34
Q

Heating a material …

A

Transfers energy to the material

35
Q

When you heat a material what does it increase of the material

A

The temperature or it changes it state

36
Q

What changes during a change of state

A

Internal energy

37
Q

When a material cools energy …

A

is transferred away from it

38
Q

What happens when a material condenses or freezes

A

Bonds form between the particles which causes energy to be released

39
Q

When a material condenses or freezes what happens to its internal energy

A

It decreases but its temp stays the same

gcse physics year 10 (5 decks)

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