topic 3 Flashcards
what are the three states of matter
- solid
- liquid
- gases
how are particles held together in solids
- held close together by strong forces in a regular, fixed pattern
- don’t have much energy
- particles only vibrate around a fixed position
how are the particles held together in liquids
- particles held together closely, in an irregular pattern
- have more energy than the particles in a solid
- can move past each other in random directions at low speeds
how are the particles held together in a liquid
- particles are not held close together
- particles have more energy than in liquids and solids
- particles constantly move in random directions at a range of speeds
what are the particles in gases free to do
free to move around
what do gas particles do when in a container
collide with each other and the sides of the container
when gas particles hit something what do they apply
they apply a force to it
what is pressure
the force applied over a given area
if you increase the temperature of a gas what happens
you increase the pressure
if particles have more energy in their kinetic store what do they do
they move faster
if gas gets hotter what does it particles do
move faster
what do faster particles do in containers and what does it increase on the container
hit the sides of the container more often. This increases the force on the container
if you increase the temperature of gas what else are you increasing
its pressure
what is the equation for density
density= mass (kg)/ volume (m3)
what does the density of an object depend on
what its made of and how its particles are arranged
what are the particles like in a dense material
packed tightly together
How is energy stored in a system by
By its particles (atoms and molecules)
So when energy is stored in a system, what energy do the particles have
They have energy in their kinetic energy stores and their potential energy stores because of their positions
What is the internal energy of a system
It is the total energy that all its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores
What happens when you heat a system
It transfers energy to its particles
When heating a system what does it increase and what does it lead to
The system’s internal energy- leads to Change in Temperature or a Change of State
Solid to a liquid is called …
Melting
Liquid to a gas is called …
Boiling or evaporating
Gas to a liquid is called …
Condensing
