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Sports science > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the macro nutrients? (3)

A

Fats (lipids), Protein, Carbs

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2
Q

what are the micro Nutrients? (2)

A

Minerals, Vitamins

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3
Q

Function of carbs?

A

main source of energy

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4
Q

function of fats (lipids)? (5)

A

secondary fuel source, hormones, protection, insulation (keeps warm), Cell membrane

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5
Q

function of protein? (4)

A

grow and repair, structure, transport

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6
Q

function of vitamins and minerals? (3)

A

immunity, grow, bone health

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7
Q

what is a saturated fat? (every carbon has two hydrogens)

A

no double bonded carbons

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8
Q

what is an unsaturated fat? (double)

A

double bonded carbons

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9
Q

chemical formula for glucose? (1:2:1) ratio

A

6carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6oxygen

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10
Q

what is a condensation reaction? (releases water)

A

monosaccharide to disaccharide or polysaccharide

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11
Q

structure of a triglyceride?

A

one glycerol heard, three fatty acid tails

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12
Q

Structure for Protein? (4 elements) (1:1:1:1) ratio

A

hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen

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13
Q

essential amino acids? (essential to eat)

A

only get it from food

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14
Q

non-esstential amino acid

A

get it from the body

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15
Q

recommendations for a healthy balanced diet?

A

Carbs - 65%
Protein - 35%
Fats - 25%

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16
Q

what is metabolism?

A

all chemical reactions that happen in the body

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17
Q

two different types of metabolism? (2)

A

catabolic
anabolic

18
Q

what is an anabolic reaction?

A

building up (use energy)

19
Q

what is catabolic reaction?

A

breaking apart (releases energy)

20
Q

what is glycogen?

A

stored glucose

21
Q

where is glycogen stored? (2)

A

liver, skeletal muscle

22
Q

where are triglycerides stored? (2)

A

adipose tissue
skeletal muscle

23
Q

what is glycogenolysis? (breaking apart)

A

breaking apart glycogen

24
Q

Lysis?

A

breaking apart

25
Q

what are the two chemicals used during fasting and exercise? (2)

A

adrenaline
glucagon

26
Q

what does glucagon do?

A

glycogen into glucose

27
Q

what does adrenaline do?

A

glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis)

28
Q

three energy systems? (3)

A

ATP-CP, Lactic acid, aerobic

29
Q

what is the process of creatine-phosphate system? (3 steps)

A
  1. break off a phosphate molecule
  2. add phosphate molecule to ADP
  3. this forms ATP
30
Q

Characteristics of the creatine-phosphate system? (2 steps)

A
  1. produces 1 ATP
  2. quickest energy pathway
31
Q

characteristics of the lactic acid system? (2)

A
  1. 2 ATP
  2. occurs in oxygen defict
32
Q

mechanism of the aerobic system? (4 steps)

A
  1. glycogen - glucose - pyruvate
  2. pyruvate - COA - Kerbs cycle
  3. Kerbs cycle - COA - hydrogen and carbon dioxide
  4. Electron transport chain (hydrogen - electrons - ATP)
33
Q

number of ATP produced by aerobic respiration?

A

36-38 ATP

34
Q

characteristics of the aerobic respiration system? (4)

A
  1. breakdown of glucose, fats, proteins
  2. makes the most ATP out of all energy systems
  3. Most complex = takes the most time
  4. requires oxygen
35
Q

what is oxygen deficit?

A

when demand is greater than supply

36
Q

what is oxygen debt? (2)

A
  1. amount of oxygen needed after exercise
  2. used to remove the by-products
37
Q

two components of oxygen recovery?

A
  1. rapid (EPOC)
  2. slow (steady state)
38
Q

characteristic of EPOC (rapid)?

A
  1. short amount of time to recover
  2. replaces creatine-phosphate stores
39
Q

characteristics of steady state (slow)?

A
  1. removal of lactic acid from the blood
  2. take up to 48 hours to remove
40
Q

what is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate called? (oxygen deficit)

A

anaerobic glycolysis

41
Q

fuels that are used to make ATP anaerobically? (think carbs)

A

glucose

42
Q

example of a catabolic reaction? (think carbs)

A

glucose to glycogen

Sports science (6 decks)

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