Topic 3 Flashcards
what are the macro nutrients? (3)
Fats (lipids), Protein, Carbs
what are the micro Nutrients? (2)
Minerals, Vitamins
Function of carbs?
main source of energy
function of fats (lipids)? (5)
secondary fuel source, hormones, protection, insulation (keeps warm), Cell membrane
function of protein? (4)
grow and repair, structure, transport
function of vitamins and minerals? (3)
immunity, grow, bone health
what is a saturated fat? (every carbon has two hydrogens)
no double bonded carbons
what is an unsaturated fat? (double)
double bonded carbons
chemical formula for glucose? (1:2:1) ratio
6carbon, 12 hydrogen, 6oxygen
what is a condensation reaction? (releases water)
monosaccharide to disaccharide or polysaccharide
structure of a triglyceride?
one glycerol heard, three fatty acid tails
Structure for Protein? (4 elements) (1:1:1:1) ratio
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen
essential amino acids? (essential to eat)
only get it from food
non-esstential amino acid
get it from the body
recommendations for a healthy balanced diet?
Carbs - 65%
Protein - 35%
Fats - 25%
what is metabolism?
all chemical reactions that happen in the body
two different types of metabolism? (2)
catabolic
anabolic
what is an anabolic reaction?
building up (use energy)
what is catabolic reaction?
breaking apart (releases energy)
what is glycogen?
stored glucose
where is glycogen stored? (2)
liver, skeletal muscle
where are triglycerides stored? (2)
adipose tissue
skeletal muscle
what is glycogenolysis? (breaking apart)
breaking apart glycogen
Lysis?
breaking apart
what are the two chemicals used during fasting and exercise? (2)
adrenaline
glucagon
what does glucagon do?
glycogen into glucose
what does adrenaline do?
glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis)
three energy systems? (3)
ATP-CP, Lactic acid, aerobic
what is the process of creatine-phosphate system? (3 steps)
- break off a phosphate molecule
- add phosphate molecule to ADP
- this forms ATP
Characteristics of the creatine-phosphate system? (2 steps)
- produces 1 ATP
- quickest energy pathway
characteristics of the lactic acid system? (2)
- 2 ATP
- occurs in oxygen defict
mechanism of the aerobic system? (4 steps)
- glycogen - glucose - pyruvate
- pyruvate - COA - Kerbs cycle
- Kerbs cycle - COA - hydrogen and carbon dioxide
- Electron transport chain (hydrogen - electrons - ATP)
number of ATP produced by aerobic respiration?
36-38 ATP
characteristics of the aerobic respiration system? (4)
- breakdown of glucose, fats, proteins
- makes the most ATP out of all energy systems
- Most complex = takes the most time
- requires oxygen
what is oxygen deficit?
when demand is greater than supply
what is oxygen debt? (2)
- amount of oxygen needed after exercise
- used to remove the by-products
two components of oxygen recovery?
- rapid (EPOC)
- slow (steady state)
characteristic of EPOC (rapid)?
- short amount of time to recover
- replaces creatine-phosphate stores
characteristics of steady state (slow)?
- removal of lactic acid from the blood
- take up to 48 hours to remove
what is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate called? (oxygen deficit)
anaerobic glycolysis
fuels that are used to make ATP anaerobically? (think carbs)
glucose
example of a catabolic reaction? (think carbs)
glucose to glycogen
