topic 3

Question 1

relationships and processes in schools, internal factors

Answer 1

• social class: labelling, setting & streaming, subcultures, pupils’ class identities, marketisation
• ethnicity: labelling, pupil responses & subcultures, institutional racism
• gender:
  girls - equal opportunities policies, positive role models, GCSE & coursework, teacher attention, challenging stereotypes in curriculum, selection & league tables, identity & girls’ achievement.
  boys - feminisation of education, laddish subcultures, differences in subject choice
• pupils’ sexual and gender identities
• self fulfilling prophecy

Question 2

labelling & SFP: becker

Answer 2

teachers judge pupils according to how closely they fit to the image of the ‘ideal pupil’ MC kids fit closest to this ideal

Question 3

labelling & SFP: hargreaves

Answer 3

the halo effect - your overall impression of a person impacts your evaluations of that person’s specific traits

Question 4

labelling & SFP: rist

Answer 4

‘tigers’ ‘cardinals’ and ‘clowns’ - primary school

Question 5

labelling & SFP: dune and gazeley

Answer 5

teachers normalise the underachievement of WC pupils

Question 6

labelling & SFP: rosenthal and jacobson

Answer 6

field experiment showed evidence of the SFP

Question 7

setting and streaming: douglas

Answer 7

children placed in lower stream at age 8 suffered decline in IQ score by age 11

Question 8

streaming and setting: lacey

Answer 8

form of differentiation. pupils then polarise/respond to streaming in one of two ways

Question 9

subcultures

Answer 9

• pro-school
• anti-school: invert school values of hard work, obedience & punctuality, sabotage the system, form anti-social subcultures to gain status, impacts their achievement (SFP of educational failure)

Question 10

subcultures: hargreaves

Answer 10

boys in secondary modern school formed subcultures due to failing the 11+ and being labelled as worthless & placed in low streams

Question 11

subcultures: ball

Answer 11

beachside comp. influence of anti-school subculture declined when streaming was abolished

Question 12

pupils’ class identities: schools

Answer 12

place higher value on MC habitus & so MC pupils gain symbolic capital. WC pupils = symbolic violence

Question 13

pupils’ class identities: archer

Answer 13

nike identities - students having to have the latest styles and expensive brands to avoid getting made fun of by their peers

Question 14

pupils’ class identities: evans

Answer 14

WC girls reluctant to apply for elite unis - self exclude

Question 15

marketisation

Answer 15

gillborn & youdell: the A-C economy which leads to educational triage