topic 2 Flashcards
1
Q
external factors for differences in educational achievement
A
- social class: material and cultural deprivation
- ethnicity: material and cultural deprivation and racism in society
- gender:
for girls - the impact of feminism, changes in the family, changes in women’s employment and girls’ changing ambitions
for boys - literacy, globalisation and the decline of traditional men’s jobs
2
Q
howard on material deprivation
A
- younger people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals
3
Q
wilkinson on material deprivation
A
- among 10yr olds, the lower the social class, the higher the rate of hyperactivity
4
Q
tanner on material deprivation
A
- the hidden costs of education places a heavy burden on poor families (uniform, equipment, books, school trips, lunches)
5
Q
flaherty on material deprivation
A
- fear of stigmatisation explains why up to 20% don’t take FSM
6
Q
free school meals
A
pupils on FSM underachieve compared to classmates
7
Q
material deprivation can lead to…
A
fear of debt
8
Q
feinstein on cultural deprivation
A
- MC parents more likely to use language that challenges their children
- MC parents more likely to praise
9
Q
bereiter & englemann on cultural deprivation
A
- language used in lower class homes is deficient
10
Q
bernstein on cultural deprivation
A
- speech codes: the restricted code (LC) and the elaborated code (MC)
11
Q
douglas on cultural deprivation
A
- WC parents place less value on education. result = less ambitious, less encouragement, visited school less = not setting good example for children
12
Q
cultural deprivation - parenting style & behaviours
A
- MC parents have consistent discipline, high expectations, read to their children & get advice from experts = their children have a head start in life and at school compared to LC children
13
Q
sugarman on cultural deprivation
A
- WC subcultures = fatalism (destinies played out inevitably rather then by will), collectivism, immediate gratification ( not getting a degree after 4 years of study but rather starting work straight away and getting paid) present-time orientation (present more important then future)
14
Q
bourdieu on cultural deprivation
A
- MC parents have cultural capital (the social assets of a person): alice sullivan tested these ideas in a questionnaire
15
Q
the glass ceiling
A
- unacknowledged barrier to advancement in a profession, especially affecting women and members of minorities
