Topic 3 Flashcards
South Korea got aid from?
USA
North Korea got aid from?
USSR
What would happen if South Korea became communist
Other countries would follow
June 25th 1950
North Korean forces invade South Korean forces
Describe the Korean War
Most SK troops were American
Commander was General Douglas MacArthur - He pushed the NK back and allowed the border to advance
However communist China entered the war and pushed the UN forces out of NK
However it was successful among the UN that they stopped a complete takeover SK by NK
Impact of the Korean War
USA now committed to stopping spread of communism
Encouraged Greece and Turkey to join NATO
Creation of SEATO in September 1954 to stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia
USSR increased forces. 1950 there was 2.2 million soldiers. 1955 there was 5.6 million soldiers
When West Germany joined NATO, USSR formed the Warsaw Pact with 8 other countries
Countries of SEATO (South East Asia Treaty Organisation)
USA, Britain, France, New Zealand, Australia, Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan
Atomic Bomb creation
USA develops in 1945
USSR develops in 1949
Hydrogen Bomb Testing
USA tests in 1952
USSR tests in 1953
ICBM Launching
USA tests in 1957
USSR launches in 1957
Nuclear Deterrent
A force that prevents something from happening. Since both sides understood the risks involved in using nuclear weapons, they acted as a deterrent
New Leaders
USA: Dwight Eisenhower 1953
USSR: Nikita Khrushchev 1956
Peaceful Co-Existence
Belief that communism was so much better than capitalism that capitalism would soon collapse in the west
Positive approaches between Khrushchev and Eisenhower
The insecurity and fears from WWII between both countries was now replaced with an acceptance of the new map of Europe
In July 1953, the Korean War ended, reduces tensions
USSR and USA also started spending less money on weapons because it would be better for their economies
Warsaw Pact
After West Germany joined NATO, positive relations between USSR and USA were broken. USSR replied by making the Warsaw pact
Eastern Bloc
Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, and of course, East Germany
Problem of the Warsaw Pact
Europe was now officially in two different sections. One getting aid from USA and the other led by the Soviet Union and seeking to extend communist control.
Soviet Rule on Hungary during Stalin’s time
Hungary had been over strict communist control after WWII
Non-Communist party were banned and officials were chosen by Stalin
Matyas Rakosi, the leader of Hungary, sent more than 300,000 Hungarians to prison and more than 2,000 were executed in 1949-1956
De-Stalinisation
Khruschev criticised Stalin’s methods in 1956
Because Poland was making reforms in the country, Hungarians were encouraged to as well
Hungarian Retaliation
In 1956, people of Hungary protests about lack of political freedom and other problems
Khrushchev was worried about the protests so he sent Imre Nagy into office
Nagy was a communist but advocated for other reforms
What were Nagy’s reforms
He proposed that:
Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact
Become a neutral country
Have a degree of power-sharing with non-communist countries
Soviet Invasion after Nagy’s reforms
Khrushchev was very worried after what Nagy said
Soviets Invade
They send tanks to Budapest
20,000 Hungarians killed - People begged for support from the west but none came
Imre Nagy replaced with Janos Kadar
International reaction to the Soviet
Radio Free Europe encouraged anti-communist messages across Eastern Europe
Only some refugees were taken in, but there was no military support from NATO
A military attack on the Soviet Satellite state could start a nuclear war - resulting in the destruction of both sides
Impact of Hungarian uprising on international relations
Khrushchev became much stronger in the Warsaw Pact
No military support from USA
USA and allies encouraged Eastern Europeans to rebel, but were not prepared to back up their words with military support
Friendly relations at the Geneva Summit (when Khrushchev first joined office) looked like a thaw in the cold war but it was the complete opposite.
Cold war got even colder.
