Topic 3

Question 1

Define Endogenous

Answer 1

This is caused by internally a good example is genetics and Epigenetic. (Epigenetic= when external factors such as the environment affect genes )

Question 2

Define Exogenous

Answer 2

This is when a disease is caused by external affects. Such as biological i.e infections(bacteria, virus, parasites ) , chemical toxins, physical (radiation, heat and nutrition)

Question 3

Describe Gene Mutation

Answer 3

1. This can result to the addition of a base
2. The removal of a base
3. Different base pairing

Question 4

Describe Chromosome Mutation and what are the terms of the 2 types

Answer 4

Aberration Chromosome mutation= this is a change to the chromosome structure for example deletion, duplication, Inversion(swapping segments ).

Aneuploidy chromosomal mutation= this is the abnormal number of chromosome in a cell

Question 5

List the Mechanism of the bodies defence system, and provide a brief explanation

Answer 5

Antioxidant biochemical system= This compound prevents oxidation that produces free radicals

DNA repair system

Immune system

Mechanism of germ cell protection= maybe due to immune response or antioxidant

Question 6

Define Penetrance

Answer 6

The probability of the phenotype to be expressed

Question 7

Define Hereditary disease

Answer 7

This is a disease which is caused by a mutation in the germ cells and this can be passed on through generations

Question 8

Define Polygenic and Monogenic inheritance.

Which type of mutation is this linked to?

Answer 8

Monogenic inheritance= This inheritance refers to one allele of one locus which is passed on. An example is cystic fibrosis, sickle cell

Polygenic Inheritance= This inheritance refers to more than one non-allele that is passed on. An example is Hypertension, Diabetes
More than one gene determine them

Chromosomal mutation