topic 3

Question 1

What are the main sources of safety threat in hospitals?

Answer 1

1. Natural Elements
2. Chemicals and Drugs
3. Microorganisms and Vermin
4. Waste
5. Sound and Radiation
6. Electricity
7. Natural and Unnatural Disasters
8. Surrondings
9. Gravity and Mechanical Stress
10. People

Question 2

Which government body sets the standard for workplace safety in singapre?

Answer 2

Workplace Safety and Health Council (WSHC)

Question 3

What are the approach taken to ensure workplace safety?

Answer 3

1. Hazard evaluation
2. Warning labels
3. Material safety data sheet (MSDS)
4. Employee training
5. Written hazard communication program

Question 4

What are the 3 types of regulated hazardous substance?

Answer 4

1. Reactive hazard
2. flammable hazard
3. health hazard

Question 5

Why is safety important in hospitals?

Answer 5

Patients are in a physically weakened state and are more suceptible to infection

Hospital staff are exposed to a variety of bacteria and virus in the hospital. They may also come in contact with patients that could spread infections.

Question 6

What are carcinogens?

Answer 6

Cancer inducing substance in humans or animals

Question 7

What are toxins?

Answer 7

A substance that causes death or diseases

Question 8

What are corrosives?

Answer 8

A substance that causes destruction of living tissues or metals

Question 9

What are teratogens?

Answer 9

A substance that causes physical defects in developing embryos

Question 10

What are anesthetics?

Answer 10

A substance that subdue the central nervous system

Question 11

What are mutagen?

Answer 11

A substance that induce mutations in DNA

Question 12

What are irritants?

Answer 12

A substance that causes imflammatory effects on living tissue

Question 13

What are sensitizers?

Answer 13

A substance that causes allergic reactions to skin or respiratory systems

Question 14

What are the 8 types of chemical hazards?

Answer 14

1. Carcinogen
2. Toxin
3. corrosive
4. teratogen
5. anesthetic
6. mutagen
7. irritant
8. sensitizer

Question 15

What is the route of exposure of chemicals?

Answer 15

1. Inhalation
2. Absorbtion through the skin
3. Injection or skin penetration by a needle or broken glass
4. Ingestion

Question 16

What is acute hazard?

Answer 16

High dose over short duration

Question 17

What is chronic hazard?

Answer 17

low dose over long duration

Question 18

What is included in PPE?

Answer 18

1. safety goggles
2. gloves
3. lab coats
4. respiratory protection

Question 19

What is a Class 1 laser?

Answer 19

Class 1 laser are incapable of causing injury or damage

Question 20

What is a Class 1M laser?

Answer 20

Class 1M laser are incapable of causing injury or damage unless viewed through a magnifying optic

Question 21

What is a Class 2 laser?

Answer 21

Class 2 laser emits visible light. Injury and damage could be avoided by not staring at it.

Question 22

What is a Class 2M laser?

Answer 22

Class 2M laser emits visible light. Injury could be avioded by not staring at it. Viewing it through a magnifying optic is hazardous

Question 23

What is a Class 3R laser?

Answer 23

Class 3R laser emits visible light. It can produce eye injury but the risk is low for a momentary exposure.

Question 24

What is Class 3B laser?

Answer 24

Class 3B is hazardous under direct viewing. Might cause skin injuries.

Question 25

What is Class 4 laser?

Answer 25

Class 4 is capable of eye and skin damage. It is capable of starting a fire and create plasma radiation.

Question 26

What are the classes of lasers?

Answer 26

- 1 - 1M - 2 - 2M - 3R - 3B - 4

Question 27

What are the safety precautions of MRI?

Answer 27

1. Warning signs 2. Training programs 3. No ferromagnetic object in the room 4. check object with hand held magnet before entering room

Question 28

What are the factors associated with physical hazard?

Answer 28

1. body stressing 2. confined spaces 3. electricity 4. heat 5. heights 6. noise 7. vibration

Question 29

What does biological hazard include?

Answer 29

1. viruses 2. toxins 3. spores 4. fungi 5. pathogenic micro-organism 6. bio-active substance

Question 30

What is class A fires?

Answer 30

Solid combustables such as wood and paper.

Question 31

What is class B fires?

Answer 31

Class B fires occur on flammable gasses, liquids and plastics.

Question 32

What is class C fires?

Answer 32

Class C fires involve electricity.

Question 33

What is class D fires?

Answer 33

Class D fires involve combustable metals.

Question 34

How to put out class A fires?

Answer 34

water

Question 35

How to put out class B fires?

Answer 35

chemical foams

Question 36

How to put out class C fires?

Answer 36

deprive it of oxygen. Monoammonium phosphate and potassium bicarbonate. (smothering)

Question 37

What are the 2 types of radiation?

Answer 37

1. Ionising | 2. Non-ionising

Question 38

What are examples of ionising radiation?

Answer 38

1. alpha rays 2. beta rays 3. gamma rays 4. x-rays 5. Neutrons

Question 39

What are alpha rays?

Answer 39

alpha rays are postively charged and low penetration. They cannon penetrate paper, clothing or even skin. Therefore, it is not a hazard unless ingested.

Question 40

What are beta rays?

Answer 40

beta rays are negatively charged electrons traveling at high speed. They will penetrate skin and tissue.

Question 41

What are gamma rays?

Answer 41

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation with no charge. They are high in penetrating power.

Question 42

What are neutrons?

Answer 42

Neutrons have no charge and are produced as a produced as a result of accelerators used in treatment. They are the most powerful in terms of penetrating power.

Question 43

What are the 3 ways to limit radiation exposure?

Answer 43

1. Use shielding 2. Limit the time exposed 3. Increase the distance from the radiation

Question 44

What are example of non-ionising radiation?

Answer 44

1. microwave 2. infrared 3. ultra violet 4. lasers