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topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main sources of safety threat in hospitals?

A
  1. Natural Elements
  2. Chemicals and Drugs
  3. Microorganisms and Vermin
  4. Waste
  5. Sound and Radiation
  6. Electricity
  7. Natural and Unnatural Disasters
  8. Surrondings
  9. Gravity and Mechanical Stress
  10. People
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2
Q

Which government body sets the standard for workplace safety in singapre?

A

Workplace Safety and Health Council (WSHC)

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3
Q

What are the approach taken to ensure workplace safety?

A
  1. Hazard evaluation
  2. Warning labels
  3. Material safety data sheet (MSDS)
  4. Employee training
  5. Written hazard communication program
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4
Q

What are the 3 types of regulated hazardous substance?

A
  1. Reactive hazard
  2. flammable hazard
  3. health hazard
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5
Q

Why is safety important in hospitals?

A

Patients are in a physically weakened state and are more suceptible to infection

Hospital staff are exposed to a variety of bacteria and virus in the hospital. They may also come in contact with patients that could spread infections.

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6
Q

What are carcinogens?

A

Cancer inducing substance in humans or animals

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7
Q

What are toxins?

A

A substance that causes death or diseases

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8
Q

What are corrosives?

A

A substance that causes destruction of living tissues or metals

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9
Q

What are teratogens?

A

A substance that causes physical defects in developing embryos

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10
Q

What are anesthetics?

A

A substance that subdue the central nervous system

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11
Q

What are mutagen?

A

A substance that induce mutations in DNA

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12
Q

What are irritants?

A

A substance that causes imflammatory effects on living tissue

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13
Q

What are sensitizers?

A

A substance that causes allergic reactions to skin or respiratory systems

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14
Q

What are the 8 types of chemical hazards?

A
  1. Carcinogen
  2. Toxin
  3. corrosive
  4. teratogen
  5. anesthetic
  6. mutagen
  7. irritant
  8. sensitizer
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15
Q

What is the route of exposure of chemicals?

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Absorbtion through the skin
  3. Injection or skin penetration by a needle or broken glass
  4. Ingestion
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16
Q

What is acute hazard?

A

High dose over short duration

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17
Q

What is chronic hazard?

A

low dose over long duration

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18
Q

What is included in PPE?

A
  1. safety goggles
  2. gloves
  3. lab coats
  4. respiratory protection
19
Q

What is a Class 1 laser?

A

Class 1 laser are incapable of causing injury or damage

20
Q

What is a Class 1M laser?

A

Class 1M laser are incapable of causing injury or damage unless viewed through a magnifying optic

21
Q

What is a Class 2 laser?

A

Class 2 laser emits visible light. Injury and damage could be avoided by not staring at it.

22
Q

What is a Class 2M laser?

A

Class 2M laser emits visible light. Injury could be avioded by not staring at it. Viewing it through a magnifying optic is hazardous

23
Q

What is a Class 3R laser?

A

Class 3R laser emits visible light. It can produce eye injury but the risk is low for a momentary exposure.

24
Q

What is Class 3B laser?

A

Class 3B is hazardous under direct viewing. Might cause skin injuries.

25
Q

What is Class 4 laser?

A

Class 4 is capable of eye and skin damage. It is capable of starting a fire and create plasma radiation.

26
Q

What are the classes of lasers?

A
  • 1
  • 1M
  • 2
  • 2M
  • 3R
  • 3B
  • 4
27
Q

What are the safety precautions of MRI?

A
  1. Warning signs
  2. Training programs
  3. No ferromagnetic object in the room
  4. check object with hand held magnet before entering room
28
Q

What are the factors associated with physical hazard?

A
  1. body stressing
  2. confined spaces
  3. electricity
  4. heat
  5. heights
  6. noise
  7. vibration
29
Q

What does biological hazard include?

A
  1. viruses
  2. toxins
  3. spores
  4. fungi
  5. pathogenic micro-organism
  6. bio-active substance
30
Q

What is class A fires?

A

Solid combustables such as wood and paper.

31
Q

What is class B fires?

A

Class B fires occur on flammable gasses, liquids and plastics.

32
Q

What is class C fires?

A

Class C fires involve electricity.

33
Q

What is class D fires?

A

Class D fires involve combustable metals.

34
Q

How to put out class A fires?

A

water

35
Q

How to put out class B fires?

A

chemical foams

36
Q

How to put out class C fires?

A

deprive it of oxygen. Monoammonium phosphate and potassium bicarbonate. (smothering)

37
Q

What are the 2 types of radiation?

A
  1. Ionising

2. Non-ionising

38
Q

What are examples of ionising radiation?

A
  1. alpha rays
  2. beta rays
  3. gamma rays
  4. x-rays
  5. Neutrons
39
Q

What are alpha rays?

A

alpha rays are postively charged and low penetration. They cannon penetrate paper, clothing or even skin. Therefore, it is not a hazard unless ingested.

40
Q

What are beta rays?

A

beta rays are negatively charged electrons traveling at high speed. They will penetrate skin and tissue.

41
Q

What are gamma rays?

A

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation with no charge. They are high in penetrating power.

42
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Neutrons have no charge and are produced as a produced as a result of accelerators used in treatment. They are the most powerful in terms of penetrating power.

43
Q

What are the 3 ways to limit radiation exposure?

A
  1. Use shielding
  2. Limit the time exposed
  3. Increase the distance from the radiation
44
Q

What are example of non-ionising radiation?

A
  1. microwave
  2. infrared
  3. ultra violet
  4. lasers

CE (6 decks)

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