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topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is in charge of equipment maintenance?

A

In-house department or external organisations

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2
Q

What would a comprehensive equipment management include?

A
  1. Aprogramto control and monitor equipment performance.
  2. Aprogramthat monitors total equipment maintenance costs.
  3. Involve in new equipment acquisition and replacement decisions.
  4. Involve in the development of new services.
  5. Development of training programs for all equipment users.
  6. Aquality assurance program.
  7. Risk management.
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3
Q

Why are there strict policies for equipment acquisition?

A
  1. To prevent conflict of interests
  2. To source for most reasonable deal
  3. To be precise in the specification
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4
Q

What are the steps to equipment acquisition?

A
  1. Justification
  2. Selection
  3. Implementation
  4. conclusion
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5
Q

What are the factors taken into account during the justification process?

A
  1. Cost effectiveness
  2. Safety
  3. Maintenance cost
  4. Reasonable period
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6
Q

What is safety in the justification process?

A

existing equipment can no longer operate within the acceptable standards

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7
Q

What is maintenance cost in the justification process?

A

existing equipment’s maintenance cost is 50% of replacement costs

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8
Q

What is cost effectiveness in the justification process?

A

if the acquisition of the new equipment can save more than the cost of the acquisition in 3-5 years.

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9
Q

what is the reasonable period in justification process?

A

7 year guideline

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10
Q

What are the things to consider when introducing new technology?

A
  1. acceptability by patients
  2. maintenance cost
  3. special installation needs
  4. is it necessary?
  5. Are there people capable of using it?
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11
Q

What are the factors that determine the suitability of the technology?

A
  1. function
  2. operation
  3. safety
  4. performance
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12
Q

What are the stages of selection process?

A
  1. literature review
  2. call for tender
  3. preliminary review
  4. Engineering evaluation
  5. Clinical evaluation
  6. Assessment
  7. Final choice
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13
Q

What are the pros of standardising equipment?

A
  1. Staff will be more familiar with equipment
  2. Easier to obtain replacement parts
  3. Less expensive to keep in inventroy (storage space)
  4. allows equipment to be shared among different clinical areas (equipment movement)
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14
Q

What are the cons of standardising equipment?

A
  1. hospital is dependent on a limited number of vendors
  2. low user acceptance
  3. Delay the introduction of new tech
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15
Q

What are the stages of implementation process?

A
  1. Purchase order (legal documents)
  2. Installation
  3. Acceptance testing
  4. Training
  5. Follow up (keep paperwork)
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16
Q

What is the purpose of and equipment control program?

A
  1. ensure that the equipment is appropriate and adequate
  2. ensure that equipment is properly maintained
  3. ensure that equipment is included in a planned replacement schedule
  4. to monitor its liability risk
  5. to track costs of repairs and maintenance
  6. ensure staff are adequately trained in equipment use
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17
Q

What are the components of an equipment control program?

A
  1. Inventory control
  2. Hazard awareness
  3. Quality assurance
  4. Cost effectiveness
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18
Q

What is the objective of equipment hazard awareness?

A
  1. To minimise risks to patients

2. To reduce the risk of liability to the hospital

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19
Q

What is the objective of quality assurance?

A
  1. Improve quality of health care
  2. Stimulate and improve integration and mangagement of health services
  3. Reduce variation in health care cost
  4. Strengthen the public’s confidence in the quality of health care
20
Q

What are the 6 things needed in a documentation for quality assurance?

A
  1. Equipment selection process
  2. Acceptance tests conducted
  3. maintenance records
  4. repair records
  5. User training records
  6. All related costs
21
Q

What is preventive maintenance (PM)?

A

Maintenance strategy based on a schedule using equipment management code (EMC).

22
Q

What is corrective maintenance (CM)?

A

Restoring a piece of equipment after an equipment breakdown.

23
Q

What is predictive maintenance (PdM)?

A

Use algorithms to confirm possible faults and repairs needed before the equipment breakdown

It is used in critical care areas.

24
Q

What are the problem that would affect PdM strategy?

A
  1. age of equipment
  2. quality of replacement part
  3. skill of the maintenance personnel
  4. Complexity of equipment
  5. ease of access of defect sites
25
Q

What are the problems with PM strategy?

A
  1. Equipment unavailable
  2. waste of resource if too detailed
  3. inadequate maintenance if PM is not very detailed
26
Q

What are the things to consider in a PM schedule?

A
  1. EMC, every 6 to 12 months

2. manufacturer’s recommendation

27
Q

What does MTBF stand for?

A

Mean time before failure

28
Q

What does MTTR stand for?

A

Mean time to repair

29
Q

What is the typical procedures in PM?

A
  1. Visual inspection
  2. Cleaning
  3. Fuction testing
  4. Safety testing
30
Q

What is Echelon-I standards?

A

These are primary standards that are calibrated against international standard.

In Singapore, the task is performed by Standards, Productivity and Innovation Board. (SPRING)

31
Q

What is Echelon-II standards?

A

These are secondary standards, these are calibrated against Echelon-I standards.

32
Q

What is Echelon-III standards?

A

These are working standards. they are calibrated at Echelon-II laboratories. These are to be used for calibration of equipment for day-to-day use.

33
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Accuracy describes how close a measured value it to the conventional true value.

34
Q

What is precision?

A

Precision describes the degree of agreement in a group measurement.

35
Q

What is resolution?

A

Resolution describes the least count of a parameter which the instrument is capable of indicating. It shows how fine the reading can be.

36
Q

What is Sensitivity?

A

Sensitivity describes the smallest change in measured value to which the instrument will respond to.

37
Q

What is Stability?

A

Stability describes the intruments capability to retain its accuracy over a period.

38
Q

What is PPM (parts per million)?

A

PPM is a unit of concentration. 1 PPM is 1 part in 1,000,000.

39
Q

What are the 4 equipment maintenance approaches?

A
  1. Contract for services with a variety of equipment manufacturers.
  2. Contract as a shared service group.
  3. Contract with an independent service company
  4. Create an in-house clinical engineering department.
40
Q

What are the advantages of in-house clinical engineering department?

A
  1. Cost effective
  2. Fast response time
  3. Familiar with hospital staff and protocol.
41
Q

What are the disadvantages of in-house clinical engineering department?

A
  1. low productivity if not managed
  2. Staff turnover and absence
  3. Small staff number may not have adequate expertise
  4. High startup cost
42
Q

What are the advantages of relying on equipment manufacturers for maintenance?

A
  1. High expertise
  2. Repair quickly once on site
  3. Replacement parts are readily available
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of relying on equipment manufacturers for maintenance?

A
  1. High cost
  2. requires different documentation for different manufacturer
  3. Needs coordination
  4. Not familiar with hospital personnel and protocol
44
Q

What are the advantages of using shared service group for maintenance?

A
  1. Cost effective if shared by several hospitals

2. High expertise

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of using shared service group for maintenance?

A
  1. Long response time
  2. weak relationship with vendors
  3. turnover of group office can cause issues
  4. Not familiar with hospital protocol and personnel
46
Q

What are the advantages of using shared independent service company for maintenance?

A
  1. Cost effective for small facilities
  2. replacement part available
  3. documentation provided
47
Q

What are the disadvantages of using shared independent service company for maintenance?

A
  1. Depend on 3rd party instead of manufacturer
  2. may not have expertise
  3. slow response time
  4. not familiar with hospital personnel and protocol

CE (6 decks)

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