Topic 3 Flashcards
Advantages of asexual reproduction
Lack of need to find mate and fast reproduction cycle
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
No variation in the population
Advantages of sexual reproduction
Variation in the population
Disadvantages of sexual reproduction
Requirement to find a mate
DNA polymers are made of:
strands linked by a series of
complementary base pairs joined together by weak hydrogen bonds
nucleotides that consist of a sugar and phosphate group with one of the four different bases attached to the sugar
Genome is
the entire DNA of an organism and a gene as a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein
Allele
A version of a gene
Homozygous
Someone has 2 identical alleles of genes
Heterozygous
2 different alleles of a gene
Dominant
Describes allele
Recessive
Describes allele that is expressed in the absence of dominant allele
Genotype
Organisms genetic composition
Phenotype
Organisms observable characteristics
Genetic variation
different characteristics as a result of mutation and sexual reproductio
Environmental variation
different characteristics caused by an organism’s environment (acquired characteristics)
Most genetic mutations
have no effect on the phenotype, some mutations have a small effect on the phenotype and, rarely, a single mutation will significantly affect the phenotype
Extracting DNA from fruit
Peel the skin from half a kiwi fruit and mash it up
Mix a teaspoon of salt and small volume of washing up liquid into the fruit
Gently heat this mixture at about 60°C for five minutes
Filter the mixture and retain only the filtrate (the filtered liquid)
Cool using an ice bath and gently pour chilled ethanol onto the top of the filtrate
You will see strands of DNA with bubbles in them at the boundary between the filtrate and the chilled ethanol.
