Topic 1 Flashcards
Animals cells have an
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Plant cells have
Nucleus Cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplasts Mitochondria Ribosomes Vacuole
Bacteria have
Chromosomal dna Plasmid dna Cell membrane Ribosomes Flagella
How are sperm cells adapted to their function
Acrosomes
Haploid nucleus
Mitochondria
Tail
How are egg cells adapted to their function
Nutrients in the cytoplasm
Haploid nucleus
Changes in the cell membrane after fertilisation
Ciliates epethial cells
Increased surface area
Milli
10^-3
Micro
10^-6
Nano
10^-9
Pico
10^-12
Active site
is region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of amino acid residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate
How are active sites denatured
If enzymes are exposed to extremes of pH or high temperatures the shape of their active site may change.
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts. So, they are molecules that speed up a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction.
Osmosis in potatoes method
cut equal-sized pieces of potato
blot with tissue paper and weigh
put pieces into different concentrations of sucrose solution for a few hours
remove, blot with tissue paper and reweigh
The percentage change in mass can be calculated for each piece of potato.
Percentage change in mass
End mass - start mass / start mass x 100
