Topic 2a - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (Year 10) Flashcards
How did John Dalton describe atoms?
Dalton describe atoms as spheres, with different spheres making up different atoms
The discovery of which subatomic particle led to the plum pudding model?
The electron
True or False: The gold foil experiment suggested the nucleus was the largest part of the atom?
False. The gold foil experiment showed the nucleus of the atom is tiny and that most of an atom is empty space.
What was the plum pudding model?
The plum pudding model, described atoms as spheres of positive charge, which contained negatively charged electrons
What did Bohr suggest about the arrangement and movement of electrons in an atom?
Bohr suggested that electrons are contained in shells/fixed orbits, and that each shell had a fixed energy. His theory stated that electrons can only be found in these shells
What did the gold foil experiment suggest?
The gold foil experiment showed the nucleus of the atom is tiny and that most of an atom is empty space.
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
- Remember neutrons are neutral.
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/1835 or 0
Where in the atom do you find an electron?
Electron shell
Where in the atom do you find a proton?
The nucleus
Where in the atom do you find a neutron?
The nucleus
Where is most of the mass in an atom?
The nucleus
Why do atoms have no charge?
They have equal number of protons and electrons
Define the term: isotopes
Isotopes are different forms of the same element. They have the same number of electrons and protons but a different number of neutrons
Why is the relative atomic mass of chorline not a whole number?
Chlorine has more than one isotope. Relative atomic mass is an average of all of an atoms isotopes
On an alien planet, element X exists as two isotopes: X-4 and X-6. X-4 has an abundance of 80% and X-6 has an abundance of 20%. What is the relative atomic mass of element X?
Relative atomic mass= (4x80)+(6x20)=440 Relative atomic mass=440/100=4.4
What is the name for the verticle colummn in the periodic table?
Group
What is the name for the horizontal row in the periodic table?
Period
True or False: Mendeleev considered the properties of isotopes when constructing his periodic table?
False. The existance of isotopes wasn’t dicovered until later
Where would you find non-metals on the periodic table?
Right hand side
Where would you find metals on the periodic table?
Left hand side
Describe how the modern periodic table is arranged
The periodic table is arrange in order of increasing atomic mass, in rows called periods and columns called groups
Why were there gaps in Mendeleev’s periodic table?
There were gaps left for elements that hadn’t been disovered yet.
How did Mendeleev group elements?
Mendeleev grouped elements with similar properties.
True or False: In an atom, the highest energy levels are filled by electrons first?
False. The lowest are filled first
How many electrons are required to fill the first electron shell in an atom?
2
How many electrons are required to fill the second and third electron shell in an atom?
8
What do the electronic configuration of group 1 elements have in common?
All have 1 electron in their outer shell
What do the electronic configuration of group 7 elements have in common?
All have 7 electron in their outer shell
What do the electronic configuration of group 0 elements have in common?
All have a full outer shell. 1st shell would have 2 electrons in the outer shell. The rest would have 8 electrons in the outer shell
What is the electronic configuration for chlorine. Chlorine has 17 electrons
2.8.7
The atomin number for phosphorous is 15. What is it the electronic configuration for phosphorous?
2.8.5
Magnesium has 12 eletrons. Does magnesium have a partially filled outer shell?
Magnesium does have a partially filled outer shell. The first shell would have 2 electrons, the second shell would have 8 electrons, this leaves 2 electrons for the third shell
If an element is in group 6 how many electrons are in its outside shell?
6
If an element is in group 1 how many electrons are in its outside shell?
1
What does the group number tell us about the number of electrons in the outside shell of an element?
The group number tells us how many electrons are in the outside shell
What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
molecules contain two or more atoms chemically joined together in a group
What tiny particles flow in an electric current?
electrons
What sub-atomic particles make up an atom?
protons, neutrons annd electrons
What is the nucleus of an atom?
tiny central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
How are electrons arranged in an atom?
circling/orbiting the nucleus in regions called shells
What is the fundamental difference between atoms of different elements?
they contain different numbers of protons
How many protons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26?
26
How many neutrons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56?
30 (56 - 26) The number of neutrons is the mass number minus the atomic number
How did Mendeleev’s periodic table differ from the current periodic table?
Mendeleev left gaps, Medneleevd didn’t have group 0 (it hadn’t been discovered), Mendeleev had fewer elements.
What does the mass number of an atom equal?
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
How many electrons are in an atom with a mass number of 56 and an atomic number of 26?
26 (It will have 26 protons and therefore 26 electrons if it is neutral)
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an atom that has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27?
13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons
What type of atom is used as the standard for comparing masses and working out relative atomic masses of elements?
carbon-12
Name the Russian chemist who developed a periodic table in 1869.
Mendeleev/Dmitri Mendeleev
Why are elements in the same group in the Periodic Table?
Same number of electrons in their outside shell.
Which number tells you how many protons there are in a nucleus?
atomic number/proton number
Sodium atoms have 11 electrons. How many protons do they have?
11 (Because it is a neutral atom and the number of protons = the number of electrons)
Why are elments placed in the same period in the periodic table?
They have the same number of shells.
Why might a modern periodic table have gaps in it?
for as yet undiscovered/synthesised elements (they are all at the end of the Modern Periodic Table)
The atomic number of chlorine is 17. How many electrons do its atoms have?
17 (It has 17 protons and is neutral and therefore has 17 electrons)
What are the two main isotopes of chlorine?
Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37
Carbon has 6 electrons, what is its electronic structure?
2,4
Magnesium has 12 electrons, what is its electron connfiguration?
2,8,2
Argin has 18 electrons, what is its electron configuration?
2,8,8
Calcium has 20 electrons, electrons, what is its electronic structure?
2,8,8,2