topic 2.5

Question 1

pathogen that remains confined to a location

Answer 1

local infection

Question 2

infection spreads to many sites, typically through the circulation

Answer 2

systemic infection

Question 3

a life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to infection injures it’s own tissues and organs

Answer 3

sepsis

Question 4

multiplicaiton of pathogens in the blood

Answer 4

septicaemia

Question 5

presence of bacteria in the blood

Answer 5

bacteraemia

Question 6

presence of toxins in the blood

Answer 6

toxaemia

Question 7

presence of viruses in the blood

Answer 7

viremia

Question 8

clinical manifestations caused by single pathogen type

Answer 8

primary infection

Question 9

infection caused by pathogen other than that in primary infection, usually opportunistic

Answer 9

secondary infection

Question 10

an infection that does not cause any apparent clinical manifestations

Answer 10

subclinical infection

Question 11

the time between pathogen entry and first appearance of clinical manifestations

Answer 11

incubation

Question 12

the phase or time taken to when an infected person will start to feel sick or fatigued

Answer 12

prodromal phase

Question 13

the phase when the infection is obvious and clinical manifestations peak

Answer 13

acute phase

Question 14

what occurs during the incubation period?

Answer 14

• pathogen gains entry to host
• pathogen finds hospitable place to colonise
• pathogen exponentially reproduces

Question 15

what occurs in the prodromal phase?

Answer 15

• early, non-specific symptoms manifest
• these symptoms resolve from activation of host’s immune system

Question 16

what occurs during the period of illness?

Answer 16

• infectious diseae with clinical manifestations will peak and be most severe
• length of time depends on virulence of pathogen and host’s resistance
• if not resolved, will increase and manifest into septicaemia and death

Question 17

what occurs during the period of decline?

Answer 17

• the number of pathogens in the body begin decreasing
• signs and symptoms begin to decline
• host is susceptible to secondary infection and ongoing injury which can manifest into chronic infection

Question 18

what occurs during the period of convalescence?

Answer 18

• the host will generally return to normal and make a full recovery

Question 19

what two criteria are required to diagnose an infectious disease?

Answer 19

• evidence of the presence of a microbe in the infected host
• accurate documentation of clinical manifestations + other relevant results