topic 2.1 Flashcards
a microorganism that causes disease
pathogen
unicellular organisms that do not require living tissue to survive
bacteria
a microorganism that can only reproduce inside a host cell
virus
spore-bearing eukaryotic microorganism
fungi
single-cell microorganism that reproduce asexually by cell division
protozoa
parasitic intestinal worm
helminth
capacity of microbes to cause disease
pathogenicity
presence and multiplication of microorganism that is not yet causinf disease
colonisation
a generic term for the ability of a pathogen to cause disease
virulence
the invasion of the body’s tissues by pathogenic agents
infection
an infection by a non-pathogenic organism that has become pathogenic
opportunistic infection
an infection that develops during hospitalisation
nosocomial infection
a chemical agent that inihibits growth or kills microbes
antimicrobial
a chemical agent used to manage infection caused by pathogenic bacteria
antibiotics
antimicrobial substance applied to tissue/skin to reduce possibility of infection
antiseptic
what are the four main microorganisms?
- bacteria
- fungi
- virus
- protozoa
which microorganisms are eukaryotic?
fungi and protozoa as they do not have a cell wall, only a cell membrane
which microorganisms are prokaryotic?
bacteria
is a virus a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell?
a virus is not a cell, so it is neither
define the chain of infection
the process of spreading infectious agents from one host to antoher
what are the stages of the chain of infection?
- infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
what are the five main modes of transmission?
- contact (direct + indirect)
- inoculation (bloodborne)
- ingestion
- inhalation (droplet + airborne)
- trans-placental
define human microbiome
the sum of all microbiotas residing on or in the human body
true or false: we have more microbial cells than human cells?
true
