topic 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

a microorganism that causes disease

A

pathogen

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2
Q

unicellular organisms that do not require living tissue to survive

A

bacteria

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3
Q

a microorganism that can only reproduce inside a host cell

A

virus

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4
Q

spore-bearing eukaryotic microorganism

A

fungi

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5
Q

single-cell microorganism that reproduce asexually by cell division

A

protozoa

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6
Q

parasitic intestinal worm

A

helminth

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7
Q

capacity of microbes to cause disease

A

pathogenicity

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8
Q

presence and multiplication of microorganism that is not yet causinf disease

A

colonisation

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9
Q

a generic term for the ability of a pathogen to cause disease

A

virulence

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10
Q

the invasion of the body’s tissues by pathogenic agents

A

infection

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11
Q

an infection by a non-pathogenic organism that has become pathogenic

A

opportunistic infection

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12
Q

an infection that develops during hospitalisation

A

nosocomial infection

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13
Q

a chemical agent that inihibits growth or kills microbes

A

antimicrobial

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14
Q

a chemical agent used to manage infection caused by pathogenic bacteria

A

antibiotics

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15
Q

antimicrobial substance applied to tissue/skin to reduce possibility of infection

A

antiseptic

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16
Q

what are the four main microorganisms?

A
  1. bacteria
  2. fungi
  3. virus
  4. protozoa
17
Q

which microorganisms are eukaryotic?

A

fungi and protozoa as they do not have a cell wall, only a cell membrane

18
Q

which microorganisms are prokaryotic?

A

bacteria

19
Q

is a virus a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell?

A

a virus is not a cell, so it is neither

20
Q

define the chain of infection

A

the process of spreading infectious agents from one host to antoher

21
Q

what are the stages of the chain of infection?

A
  1. infectious agent
  2. reservoir
  3. portal of exit
  4. mode of transmission
  5. portal of entry
  6. susceptible host
22
Q

what are the five main modes of transmission?

A
  1. contact (direct + indirect)
  2. inoculation (bloodborne)
  3. ingestion
  4. inhalation (droplet + airborne)
  5. trans-placental
23
Q

define human microbiome

A

the sum of all microbiotas residing on or in the human body

24
Q

true or false: we have more microbial cells than human cells?

A

true

25
Q
A