Topic 2.3: Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

Monomer of carbohydrate

Answer 1

Monosaccharide

Question 2

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 2

a) Fructose
b) Galactose
c) Glucose
d) Ribose
e) Deoxyribose

Question 3

Formation of polysaccharides

Answer 3

Covalently joined by glycosidic linkages to form polymers.

Question 4

Functions of polysaccharides

Answer 4

a) Short term energy storage
b) Structural components
c) Regognition / receptors

Question 5

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 5

a) Sucrose
b) Maltose
c) Lactose

Question 6

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 6

a) Cellulose
b) Glycogen
c) Starch

Question 7

Composition of cellulose

Answer 7

a) Composed of B-glucose subunits

b) Bound in a 1, 4 glycosidic link

Question 8

Function of cellulose

Answer 8

Structural material found in plants

Question 9

Composition of starch

Answer 9

a) Composed of a glucose subunits
b) Amylose (1,4) is linear, helical
c) Amylopectin (1,4 / 1,6) is branched.

Question 10

Function of starch

Answer 10

Energy storage in plants

Question 11

Composition of glycogen

Answer 11

a) Composed of a-glucose molecules

b) Branched with frequent 1-6 bonding.

Question 12

Function of glycogen

Answer 12

Energy storage in animals

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

Non-polar organic molecules

Question 14

Examples of lipids

Answer 14

a) Triglyceride
b) Cholesterol
c) Phospholipid
d) Steroid

Question 15

Functions of lipids (SHIPS)

Answer 15

a) Storage of energy
b) Hormonal roles
c) Insulation
d) Protection of organs
e) Structural roles

Question 16

Triglycerides composition

Answer 16

a) Glycerol

b) 3 fatty acids

Question 17

Tryglicerides function

Answer 17

Long-term energy storage

Question 18

Fatty acids

Answer 18

Long hydrocarbon chains found in certain lipids

Question 19

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 19

a) No double bonds

b) Solid at room temperature

Question 20

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 20

a) Double bonds

b) Liquid at room temperature

Question 21

Cis fatty acids

Answer 21

a) H atoms in the same side
b) Kink in double bond
c) Liquid at room temperature
d) Common in nature
e) Good for health

Question 22

Trans fatty acids

Answer 22

a) H atoms on different sides
b) No kink in double bond
c) Solid at room temperature
d) Processed food
e) Bad for health

Question 23

Lipoproteins

Answer 23

Transport fats and cholesterol in the blood

Question 24

LDL (Low density lipoproteins)

Answer 24

Transport cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body.

Question 25

HDL (High density lipoproteins)

Answer 25

Transport excess body cholesterol to the body

Question 26

Influence of fatty acids in the levels of lipoproteins

Answer 26

a) Cis fats => Less cholesterol
b) Saturated fats => More cholesterol
c) Trans fats => More cholesterol

Question 27

Heatlh consequences of high levels of blood cholesterol

Answer 27

Atherosclerosis, leads to health issues like Coronary Heart Disease.

Question 28

Comparison between lipids and carbohydrates (SODAS)

Answer 28

a) Storage
b) Osmotic pressure
c) Digestion
d) ATP yield
e) Solubility

Question 29

BMI calculation

Answer 29

Mass in kg / (Height in m)^2