Topic 2.3: Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Monomer of carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharide

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2
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

a) Fructose
b) Galactose
c) Glucose
d) Ribose
e) Deoxyribose

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3
Q

Formation of polysaccharides

A

Covalently joined by glycosidic linkages to form polymers.

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4
Q

Functions of polysaccharides

A

a) Short term energy storage
b) Structural components
c) Regognition / receptors

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5
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

a) Sucrose
b) Maltose
c) Lactose

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6
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

a) Cellulose
b) Glycogen
c) Starch

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7
Q

Composition of cellulose

A

a) Composed of B-glucose subunits

b) Bound in a 1, 4 glycosidic link

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8
Q

Function of cellulose

A

Structural material found in plants

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9
Q

Composition of starch

A

a) Composed of a glucose subunits
b) Amylose (1,4) is linear, helical
c) Amylopectin (1,4 / 1,6) is branched.

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10
Q

Function of starch

A

Energy storage in plants

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11
Q

Composition of glycogen

A

a) Composed of a-glucose molecules

b) Branched with frequent 1-6 bonding.

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12
Q

Function of glycogen

A

Energy storage in animals

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13
Q

Lipids

A

Non-polar organic molecules

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14
Q

Examples of lipids

A

a) Triglyceride
b) Cholesterol
c) Phospholipid
d) Steroid

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15
Q

Functions of lipids (SHIPS)

A

a) Storage of energy
b) Hormonal roles
c) Insulation
d) Protection of organs
e) Structural roles

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16
Q

Triglycerides composition

A

a) Glycerol

b) 3 fatty acids

17
Q

Tryglicerides function

A

Long-term energy storage

18
Q

Fatty acids

A

Long hydrocarbon chains found in certain lipids

19
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

a) No double bonds

b) Solid at room temperature

20
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

a) Double bonds

b) Liquid at room temperature

21
Q

Cis fatty acids

A

a) H atoms in the same side
b) Kink in double bond
c) Liquid at room temperature
d) Common in nature
e) Good for health

22
Q

Trans fatty acids

A

a) H atoms on different sides
b) No kink in double bond
c) Solid at room temperature
d) Processed food
e) Bad for health

23
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Transport fats and cholesterol in the blood

24
Q

LDL (Low density lipoproteins)

A

Transport cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body.

25
HDL (High density lipoproteins)
Transport excess body cholesterol to the body
26
Influence of fatty acids in the levels of lipoproteins
a) Cis fats => Less cholesterol b) Saturated fats => More cholesterol c) Trans fats => More cholesterol
27
Heatlh consequences of high levels of blood cholesterol
Atherosclerosis, leads to health issues like Coronary Heart Disease.
28
Comparison between lipids and carbohydrates (SODAS)
a) Storage b) Osmotic pressure c) Digestion d) ATP yield e) Solubility
29
BMI calculation
Mass in kg / (Height in m)^2