Topic 2.2: Forces and Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Define weight

A

the force of gravity on a body

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2
Q

What are the components of Free-Body Diagrams?

A

 its weight acting vertically from the center of mass
 all forces where it is contact with other objects
 any magnetic or electrostatic forces

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3
Q

Define friction

A

o FRICTION: The force which opposes motion when one surface moves over another. It is caused by the roughness of the surfaces.

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4
Q

Define normal reaction

A

o NORMAL REACTION: Two objects in contact each exert a force on the other which is perpendicular to the surface.

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5
Q

Define tension

A

o TENSION: A force produced in a body when opposing forces are stretching it. The opposite is a compression force when two forces are squashing a body.

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6
Q

Define upthrust

A

o UPTHRUST: An upward force on a body which is immersed in a fluid (liquid or gas).

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7
Q

Define lift

A

o LIFT: An upward force on the wing of an aircraft due to the air flowing around it.

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8
Q

• 2.2.4: State Newton’s first law of motion

A

o NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION: A body continues to maintain its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.

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9
Q

Define inertia

A

o INERTIA: The property of matter which makes it resist acceleration; objects’ resistance to change

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10
Q

• 2.2.6: State the condition of translational equilibrium

A

o TRANSLATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM: When the net force on an object is zero in all directions (ie no linear acceleration).

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11
Q

• 2.2.8: State Newton’s second law of motion

A

o NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION: ∑F = ma The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts.

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12
Q

Define impulse

A

o IMPULSE: The change in momentum. A vector. Unit is Ns

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13
Q

Define linear momentum

A

o LINEAR MOMENTUM: the product of mass and velocity. It is a vector measured in kgms-1

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14
Q

• 2.2.12: State the law of conservation of linear momentum

A

o LAW OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM: The momentum of an isolated system remains constant (ie when no external forces are acting). Or, in any isolated system, the change in momentum is zero.

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15
Q

State Newton’s third law of motion

A

o NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION: Whenever a particle A exerts a force on another particle B, B simultaneously exerts a force on A with the same magnitude in the opposite direction

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