topic 2.1 (female anatomy)

Question 1

list the typical tubular struture in the female tract

Answer 1

(outside) - serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

Question 2

describe the serosa in the tubular tract

Answer 2

simple layer of squamous cells that cover the outer surface

Question 3

describe the muscuaris in the tubular tract

Answer 3

double layer of smooth muscle which contract to transport products along the tract. (inner layer is circular smooth muscle and outer is longitudinal smooth muscle).

Question 4

what dose the uterine horns transport

Answer 4

sperm, gametes, early embryos

Question 5

describe the submucosa in the tubular tract

Answer 5

houses blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and support mucosal layer.

Question 6

describe the mucosa in the tubular tract

Answer 6

layer of epithelium tissue which lines the lumen. each segment of the tract is linned with a diffrent mucosa (ciliated/ not, squamous, stratifed, ect.)

Question 7

what is the peritoneum and how does it develop?

Answer 7

a connective tissue which surronding the reproductive tract, lining the abdominal cavity.

Develops in a retroperitoneal position (behind the peritoneum). And during the development the tract grows and pushes against it. Eventually the peritoneum grows a double layer of tissue that supports the major organs of the reproductive tract.

Question 8

what is the braod ligament, what does it support and list the three segment

Answer 8

suspensory made from the double layer peritoneum which supports the ovaries, cervix, oviduct, uterus and anterior vagina.
mesovarium, mesosalpinx, myometrum

Question 9

desride the mesovarium and what it forms

Answer 9

forms the hilus it supplys the innervation, lymphatics and blood supply for the ovary.

Question 10

describe the mesosalpinx

Answer 10

thin support for the oviduct (salpinx) as well as serves as a bursa-like pouch that surrounds the ovaries; it helps direct the ova into the oviduct.

Question 11

describe the myometrium

Answer 11

Supports the uterine horns and uterus body.

Question 12

describe the genral structre of the ovaries.

Answer 12

outer layer of connective tissue - tunica albuginea (single layer of cuboidal cells - germinal epithhelium).
next layer if ovarian cortex (hold oocytes and corpus luteum).
centre - ovary medulla (dense connective tissue) houses the vasculatures, nerves and lymphatics

Question 13

list stages in oocytes lifecyle

Answer 13

primordial follicle - primary follicle - secondary follicle - developing antrlal follicle/ teritary - antral / dominate follicle.
OVULATES
corpus lutem - corpus albicans

Question 14

describe the oviducts and list the segments

Answer 14

passageway from th ovary to the uterine horn.
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthumus

Question 15

descride the infundibulum in the oviducts

Answer 15

has an opening called the ostium
connect to ampulla
thinner walled

Question 16

descride the apulla in the oviducts

Answer 16

thicker then imfundibulum
make up majorit of the oviducts
narrows into the isthmus via ampullary-isthamic junction.

Question 17

describe the isthamus in the oviducts

Answer 17

connects to the cervix via uterotubal junction
most narrow segment of the oviduct

Question 18

describe the cervixs structre

Answer 18

made from the cervical canal surrounded by one or multiple folds protruding into the canal.

Question 19

describe the structure of the vagina

Answer 19

• Ill defined muscular layer and a highly adapted mucosal epitheium.
• The luminal epithelium (cranial cervix) is more secretory.
• The cranial vagina originates from the paramesonephric ducts and fuses with the caudal vagina (vestibule), originating from the urogenital sinus.

Question 20

describe the vulva structure

Answer 20

• external reproductive system
• consists of two labia (meet in two commissures.
  has smooth muscle (constriclor vulave) that eep it closed.
• surronding pelvic area is the perineum.

Question 21

describe the location of the clit and the tissue type

Answer 21

the clitoral fossa is located in the ventral commissure of the vestibule. it is composed of erectile tissue, therefore it enlarges during arousal.

Question 22

describe the function of the ovaries

Answer 22

produce female gamete (ova) and the hormones, estrogen and progesterons

Question 23

function of the oviducts

Answer 23

made from the infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus. it is a transport duct for gamete and sperm toward the fertilization site.
the sperm and gamtete move in opposite direction so that they interact.
A fter fertilization the ova remains inside the duct (few days) as the mucosa rovide optimal growth conditions.

Question 24

function of the uterus

Answer 24

location of sperm deposit

Question 25

function of the myometrium and its other name

Answer 25

muscularis - lies under the perimetrium it is a muscle cruical for contractions.

Question 26

mucosa + submucosa name and function

Answer 26

endometrium, secrets matrials into the lumen of the uterus, enhancing embryonic growth and sperm viability.
develop uterine gland that secrete hormones when influenced by progesterone.

Question 27

function of the cervix

Answer 27

prduces lubrication, creating a flushing system and a barrier in some species when pregnant.

Question 28

function of cervix canals

Answer 28

lumen connects the uterine horns and cervix body

Question 29

uterine horns function

Answer 29

cornua, where the sperm travel to inseminate

Question 30

vagina function

Answer 30

copulatory organ which expels urine and used as a passsive birth canal

Question 31

what is the vestibule

Answer 31

common area between the reproductice and urinary system.

Question 32

what is the external genetalia (female) and what is its function.

Answer 32

Vula (two labias) protect the internal genetalia from damage/ foreign bodies.

Question 33

what is a caruncle

Answer 33

in rumanents endometrium the surface has small non-glandular areas that protude from the surface. these will creat placenta in the embryo attaches.