Topic 2.1 Cell structure

Question 1

Outline similarities and differences between the structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria

Answer 1

Both have:
• double membrane
•circular DNA
• ribosomes

Differences
• thylakoids/grana vs cristae
• stroma vs matrix
• pigments vs no pigments
• starch grains vs no starch grains

Question 2

Contrast the structure of a bacterial and animal cell

Answer 2

• Bacterial cell much smaller
• Cell wall in bacterial cell, not animal
• No nucleus or membrane bound organelles in bacteria
• Circular vs linear DNA
• 70s vs 80s ribosomes

Question 3

Outline the role of organelles in the production, transport and release of proteins in eukaryotes

Answer 3

• DNA in nucleus codes for proteins
• RER produces protein
• Mitochondria produce ATP for protein synthesis
• Golgi apparatus packages proteins
• Vesicles/ RER transports protein

Question 4

Describe the structure and function of the nucleus

Answer 4

• Nuclear envelope and nucleopores
• Chromosomes
• Nucleolus

• Holds genetic information for polypeptides
• Where DNA replication occurs
• production of mRNA/tRNA
• production of rRNA/ ribosome