biological molecules

Question 1

What are the four main types of biological molecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

True or False: Enzymes are a type of carbohydrate.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The monomer of proteins is called a ___.

Answer 3

amino acid.

Question 4

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 4

To provide energy and structural support.

Question 5

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 5

Nucleotides.

Question 6

Which type of lipid is primarily used for long-term energy storage?

Answer 6

Triglycerides.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) Glucose B) Sucrose C) Glycogen D) Cellulose

Answer 7

B) Sucrose.

Question 8

What type of bond forms between amino acids in a protein?

Answer 8

Peptide bond.

Question 9

True or False: DNA is a type of protein.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The sugar in RNA is called ___.

Answer 10

ribose.

Question 11

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Answer 11

To act as catalysts and speed up reactions.

Question 12

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 12

DNA and RNA.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Enzyme activity B) Energy storage C) Transport D) Structural support

Answer 13

B) Energy storage.

Question 14

What is the primary component of cell membranes?

Answer 14

Phospholipids.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to release energy is called ___.

Answer 15

cellular respiration.

Question 16

What are the main function of lipids in biological systems?

Answer 16

Energy storage, insulation, and making up cell membranes.

Question 17

True or False: All amino acids are identical in structure.

Answer 17

False.

Question 18

What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?

Answer 18

A polysaccharide.

Question 19

What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 19

Unsaturated: at least 1 C=C double bond
Saturated: only single C-C bonds

Question 20

What is the function of RNA in a cell?

Answer 20

To transfer genetic information and assist in protein synthesis.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of carbohydrates is called a ___.

Answer 21

monosaccharide.

Question 22

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 22

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 23

True or False: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids? A) Energy storage B) Genetic information C) Structural support D) Insulation

Answer 24

B) Genetic information.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The secondary structure of a protein is primarily maintained by ___.

Answer 25

hydrogen bonds.

Question 26

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 26

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 27

True or False: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals.

Answer 27

True.

Question 28

What type of bond holds the sugar and phosphate backbone of DNA together?

Answer 28

Phosphodiester bond.

Question 29

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a lipid? A) Cholesterol B) Starch C) Phospholipid D) Triglyceride

Answer 29

B) Starch.

Question 30

What process synthesizes proteins from mRNA?

Answer 30

Translation.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by ...

Answer 31

the hydrogen, ionic and disulphide bonds between the R-groups in the polypeptide chain

Question 32

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 32

Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 33

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

What is the main energy currency of the cell?

Answer 34

ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Question 35

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids? A) They are soluble in water B) They store genetic information C) They are hydrophobic D) They are made of amino acids

Answer 35

C) They are hydrophobic.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The process by which a protein loses its native structure is called ___.

Answer 36

denaturation.

Question 37

What is the primary role of cholesterol in cell membranes?

Answer 37

To maintain membrane fluidity.

Question 38

True or False: Starch is a polysaccharide found in plants.

Answer 38

True.

Question 39

What type of reaction forms peptide bonds between amino acids?

Answer 39

Condensation reaction.

Question 40

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates? A) Catalyzing reactions B) Storing energy C) Providing information for protein synthesis D) All of the above

Answer 40

B) Storing energy.

Question 41

Describe how ATP is resynthesised in cells (2 marks)

Answer 41

From ADP and phosphate by ATP synthase during respiration/ photosynthesis