TOPIC 2.1 Flashcards
all are drugs that control convulsions in NMS except
a. phenobarbitone
b. dexamethasone
c. 20% mannitol
d. phenytoin
e. diazepam
none. all are anticonvulsion drugs
preferred bedding for foals but should be made thicker
straw
Researchers have found that they can reduce maladjustment symptoms in foals by using a simple rope harness in foal’s abdomen and mimic pressure normally experience in the birth canal; via a knot that you can tighten
Madigan Foal Squeeze Procedure
normal time where meconium should be passed
4-48 hrs
suggestive dz if no meconium is passed in first 12 hrs
meconium impactions
Predisposing Factors of meconium impaction
narrower pelvis in colts
malnutrition in mare
delayed colostrum intake
dystocia
these clinical signs are indicative of?
Depression
Decreased appetite (swishing tail)
Bloating
Frequent posturing to defecate pero walang lumalabas
Arched-back stance
Indicates discomfort
Mild colic
Concretions of amniotic fluid (black-brown)
meconium impaction
If the obstruction is not near the anus, cannot be palpated, and you want to determine its exact location
this is done
Contrast radiography using barium enema or barium swallow
enemas are for what type of impaction?
low
enemas and mineral oil are for what type of impaction?
high
admin of fleet enema should not be more than __ in 12 hrs
2
more recommended type of enema
mild soapy water enema
a surfactant that can loosen impaction
5% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
2nd most common reason for presentation to NMS
Neonatal septicemia
The most important neonatal disease as it leads to death of foals
neonatal septicemia
The systemic response to infection manifested by two or more of the ff conditions as a result of infection (elevated or depressed)
Temperature: >38C or < 36C
HR: >90 bpm (lead to septicemia)
RR: > 20 bpm or PaCO2 <32 torr
WBC: >12,000/uL; <4,000/uL (mababa); or >10% BN
classification of neonatal septicemia
SIRS MODS MOFS
differentiate sirs mods mofs
SIRS is sick, MODS is sicker and MOFS is dying
Clinical consequences
of neonatal septicemia
C-cardiovascular compromise
H-homeostasis
A-Apoptosis
O-organ dysfunction
S-suppression of the immune system
Causes of neonatal septicemia
Infection in uterus (foal born sick)
Colostral failure disease develops after a few days
primary cause / most important cause of neonatal septicemia
Colostral failure disease develops after a few days
poor quality colostrum characteristicd
not yellowish
<800 mg/dl
all are maternal causes of FPT except
a. premature lactation
b. failure to ingest colostrum
c/ poor colostral quality
d. faiilure of lactation
B
Colostrum is absorbed only for the first __hours
24
tx of FPT in <24h old and >24 h old
Colostrum by nasogastric tube if <24h old - 1L
If >24h old, colostrum is not absorbed PO, so the Abs have to be given IV - 2L
Signs of septicemia
May be comatose on presentation due to hypoglycemia
Feet and tips of ears are cold - shock
Low body temp (36C)
Dehydrated
Swollen joints
white gums means that foal is
in sjock
white or brick red gums means that foal may be sufffering from
endotoxemia
Most common route of infexn is
Gastrointestinal
first line of antibiotics
IV penicillin, amikacin
