TOPIC 2.1

Question 1

all are drugs that control convulsions in NMS except

a. phenobarbitone
b. dexamethasone
c. 20% mannitol
d. phenytoin
e. diazepam

Answer 1

none. all are anticonvulsion drugs

Question 2

preferred bedding for foals but should be made thicker

Answer 2

straw

Question 3

Researchers have found that they can reduce maladjustment symptoms in foals by using a simple rope harness in foal’s abdomen and mimic pressure normally experience in the birth canal; via a knot that you can tighten

Answer 3

Madigan Foal Squeeze Procedure

Question 4

normal time where meconium should be passed

Answer 4

4-48 hrs

Question 5

suggestive dz if no meconium is passed in first 12 hrs

Answer 5

meconium impactions

Question 6

Predisposing Factors of meconium impaction

Answer 6

narrower pelvis in colts
malnutrition in mare
delayed colostrum intake
dystocia

Question 7

these clinical signs are indicative of?

Depression
Decreased appetite (swishing tail)
Bloating
Frequent posturing to defecate pero walang lumalabas
Arched-back stance
Indicates discomfort
Mild colic
Concretions of amniotic fluid (black-brown)

Answer 7

meconium impaction

Question 8

If the obstruction is not near the anus, cannot be palpated, and you want to determine its exact location
this is done

Answer 8

Contrast radiography using barium enema or barium swallow

Question 9

enemas are for what type of impaction?

Answer 9

low

Question 10

enemas and mineral oil are for what type of impaction?

Answer 10

high

Question 11

admin of fleet enema should not be more than __ in 12 hrs

Answer 11

2

Question 12

more recommended type of enema

Answer 12

mild soapy water enema

Question 13

a surfactant that can loosen impaction

Answer 13

5% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

Question 14

2nd most common reason for presentation to NMS

Answer 14

Neonatal septicemia

Question 15

The most important neonatal disease as it leads to death of foals

Answer 15

neonatal septicemia

Question 16

The systemic response to infection manifested by two or more of the ff conditions as a result of infection (elevated or depressed)

Answer 16

Temperature: >38C or < 36C

HR: >90 bpm (lead to septicemia)

RR: > 20 bpm or PaCO2 <32 torr

WBC: >12,000/uL; <4,000/uL (mababa); or >10% BN

Question 17

classification of neonatal septicemia

Answer 17

SIRS MODS MOFS

Question 18

differentiate sirs mods mofs

Answer 18

SIRS is sick, MODS is sicker and MOFS is dying

Question 19

Clinical consequences
of neonatal septicemia

Answer 19

C-cardiovascular compromise
H-homeostasis
A-Apoptosis
O-organ dysfunction
S-suppression of the immune system

Question 20

Causes of neonatal septicemia

Answer 20

Infection in uterus (foal born sick)

Colostral failure disease develops after a few days

Question 21

primary cause / most important cause of neonatal septicemia

Answer 21

Colostral failure disease develops after a few days

Question 22

poor quality colostrum characteristicd

Answer 22

not yellowish
<800 mg/dl

Question 23

all are maternal causes of FPT except

a. premature lactation
b. failure to ingest colostrum
c/ poor colostral quality
d. faiilure of lactation

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Colostrum is absorbed only for the first __hours

Answer 24

24

Question 25

tx of FPT in <24h old and >24 h old

Answer 25

Colostrum by nasogastric tube if <24h old - 1L

If >24h old, colostrum is not absorbed PO, so the Abs have to be given IV - 2L

Question 26

Signs of septicemia

Answer 26

May be comatose on presentation due to hypoglycemia
Feet and tips of ears are cold - shock
Low body temp (36C)
Dehydrated
Swollen joints

Question 27

white gums means that foal is

Answer 27

in sjock

Question 28

white or brick red gums means that foal may be sufffering from

Answer 28

endotoxemia

Question 29

Most common route of infexn is

Answer 29

Gastrointestinal

Question 30

first line of antibiotics

Answer 30

IV penicillin, amikacin