TOPIC 2: COMMON NEONATAL PROBS Flashcards
A blood disorder that occurs when the foal’s immune system attacks its own red blood cells.
Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI)
Foals are prone to infections of the __, which can cause swelling, redness, and discharge.
umbilical stump
Foals can develop __ due to various causes, such as infection, poor diet, or stress.
diarrhea
Foals can develop respiratory infections, such as __, due to bacteria, viruses, or other agents.
pneumonia
A condition that affects the joints of young foals, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness.
joint ill
Some foals may be born with heart defects, limb abnormalities, or developmental problems
congenital defects
Foals may be born weak, which can be due to various causes, including poor nutrition, disease, or genetics
weak foal syndrome
A common digestive problem in horses of all ages, including foals, that can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and other symptoms.
colic
a condition where the foal has neurologic problems at birth which prevents it from suckling properly
Neonatal maladjustment syndrome
diseases on neonates usually starts with __
depression
PROTOCOLS IN DEALING WITH DEPRESSED FOAL
A- airway
B- breathing
c- cardiac funxn
d- drugs
foals are administered 100% O2 during emergency T/F
f. room air
drugs such _____ to increase inotropic effect, thus increasing cardiac contractility
epinephrine, dopamine, atropine, lidocaine
Respiratory stimulant drugs
caffeine
in google: progesterone, theophylline, protriptyline, and buspirone,
Many neonatal problems originate in utero
T/F
true
primary stimulant for initiation of parturition
cortisol
what is the normal vulval conformation?
vertical
mares with this dz has upper part of vulva tilted
pneumovagina
what is APGAR scoring?
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Nasal
Attitude
Respiration
a foal is considered premature if it is delivered ___ days
<320
term when foaling is at a correct date, but foal is not fully developed
dysmature
Causes of early delivery
Placenta infected or not functioning properly
Foal: congenital defects
Stress (colic surgery)
Fescue poisoning (Dysmature)
fungus infecting the grass that causes abortion
Acremonium coenophialum
placenta should not be more than __% of the weight of the foal
20
foals need to consume colostrum within __ mins after birth and then _ hrs after
30
12
can degrade Abs to amino acids which will eventually reform while inside the body
Enterocytes of mature horse
appear healthy when they are born, but shortly thereafter exhibit neurological abnormalities.
neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS) “Dummy foal”
IV Fluids should be ___ (to prevent causing any metabolic problems; replace lost electrolytes)
isotonic
T/F Broad spectrum antibiotics given until the causative agent is identified
true
drug which is nephrotoxic → monitor kidney function
neomycin
other name for dummy foal syndrome
Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (NMS)
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
Neonatal encephalopathy
called wanderers or barker
NMS
why do foals with NMS have altered mental state
due to hypoxia during foaling
Immediately (~30 mins) after birth, the foal should stand up and search for the dam’s udder
normal or abnormal
normal
NMS is temporary in most cases and 70% could recover without extensive medical care
T/F
true
secreted by the foal’s brain, a neurosteroid which sedate the unborn foal
allopregnalonone
the biochemical “wake-up switch” that stops sedative neurosteroid production (normal condition)
Physical pressure lasting for 20-40 minutes during birthing process
NMS seen more in CS and __
very rapid deliveries
pathognomonic to NMS
loss of suckling reflex
Prevents free radicals → prevents further brain damage or brain swelling or trauma in foals
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
