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TOPIC 1 AND 2 EQUINE > TOPIC 2: COMMON NEONATAL PROBS > Flashcards

TOPIC 2: COMMON NEONATAL PROBS Flashcards

1
Q

A blood disorder that occurs when the foal’s immune system attacks its own red blood cells.

A

Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI)

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2
Q

Foals are prone to infections of the __, which can cause swelling, redness, and discharge.

A

umbilical stump

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3
Q

Foals can develop __ due to various causes, such as infection, poor diet, or stress.

A

diarrhea

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4
Q

Foals can develop respiratory infections, such as __, due to bacteria, viruses, or other agents.

A

pneumonia

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5
Q

A condition that affects the joints of young foals, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness.

A

joint ill

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6
Q

Some foals may be born with heart defects, limb abnormalities, or developmental problems

A

congenital defects

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7
Q

Foals may be born weak, which can be due to various causes, including poor nutrition, disease, or genetics

A

weak foal syndrome

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8
Q

A common digestive problem in horses of all ages, including foals, that can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and other symptoms.

A

colic

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9
Q

a condition where the foal has neurologic problems at birth which prevents it from suckling properly

A

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome

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10
Q

diseases on neonates usually starts with __

A

depression

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11
Q

PROTOCOLS IN DEALING WITH DEPRESSED FOAL

A

A- airway
B- breathing
c- cardiac funxn
d- drugs

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12
Q

foals are administered 100% O2 during emergency T/F

A

f. room air

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13
Q

drugs such _____ to increase inotropic effect, thus increasing cardiac contractility

A

epinephrine, dopamine, atropine, lidocaine

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14
Q

Respiratory stimulant drugs

A

caffeine

in google: progesterone, theophylline, protriptyline, and buspirone,

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15
Q

Many neonatal problems originate in utero
T/F

A

true

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16
Q

primary stimulant for initiation of parturition

A

cortisol

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17
Q

what is the normal vulval conformation?

A

vertical

18
Q

mares with this dz has upper part of vulva tilted

A

pneumovagina

19
Q

what is APGAR scoring?

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Nasal
Attitude
Respiration

20
Q

a foal is considered premature if it is delivered ___ days

A

<320

21
Q

term when foaling is at a correct date, but foal is not fully developed

A

dysmature

22
Q

Causes of early delivery

A

Placenta infected or not functioning properly
Foal: congenital defects
Stress (colic surgery)
Fescue poisoning (Dysmature)

23
Q

fungus infecting the grass that causes abortion

A

Acremonium coenophialum

24
Q

placenta should not be more than __% of the weight of the foal

A

20

25
Q

foals need to consume colostrum within __ mins after birth and then _ hrs after

A

30
12

26
Q

can degrade Abs to amino acids which will eventually reform while inside the body

A

Enterocytes of mature horse

27
Q

appear healthy when they are born, but shortly thereafter exhibit neurological abnormalities.

A

neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS) “Dummy foal”

28
Q

IV Fluids should be ___ (to prevent causing any metabolic problems; replace lost electrolytes)

A

isotonic

29
Q

T/F Broad spectrum antibiotics given until the causative agent is identified

A

true

30
Q

drug which is nephrotoxic → monitor kidney function

A

neomycin

31
Q

other name for dummy foal syndrome

A

Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (NMS)
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
Neonatal encephalopathy

32
Q

called wanderers or barker

A

NMS

33
Q

why do foals with NMS have altered mental state

A

due to hypoxia during foaling

34
Q

Immediately (~30 mins) after birth, the foal should stand up and search for the dam’s udder

normal or abnormal

A

normal

35
Q

NMS is temporary in most cases and 70% could recover without extensive medical care

T/F

A

true

36
Q

secreted by the foal’s brain, a neurosteroid which sedate the unborn foal

A

allopregnalonone

37
Q

the biochemical “wake-up switch” that stops sedative neurosteroid production (normal condition)

A

Physical pressure lasting for 20-40 minutes during birthing process

38
Q

NMS seen more in CS and __

A

very rapid deliveries

39
Q

pathognomonic to NMS

A

loss of suckling reflex

40
Q

Prevents free radicals → prevents further brain damage or brain swelling or trauma in foals

A

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

TOPIC 1 AND 2 EQUINE (3 decks)

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