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A2 Environmental > Topic 2 : Waste Management > Flashcards

Topic 2 : Waste Management Flashcards

1
Q

What has NI tended to have an Overreliance on ?

A

NI has tended to have an overreliance on the use of landfill as a means of waste disposal although this is being addressed by the need for local authorities to meet EU guidelines on waste disposal

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2
Q

What is the WFD and explain ?

A
  • The recast EU Waste Framework Directive (WFD) (2008) requires the establishment of Waste Management Strategies (WMS) and plans. This WFD 2008 underpins much of local NI legislation in relation to waste.
  • The requirements of the revised WFD have been transposed into NI legislation through the Waste Regulations (NI) 2011.
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3
Q

When was the first waste regulation published in NI and what was it ?

A

The first waste management strategy for NI was published in April 2000 and was revised in March 2006 under the title ‘Towards Resource Management’. It was agreed that the 2006 strategy should be revised to cover all relevant EU Directive requirements

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4
Q

What does the management of waste contribute to ?

A

The management of waste contributes directly to climate change through emission of GHG from landfill sites and energy use. Overall, waste emissions account for around 3% of the UKs GHG emissions

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5
Q

What are the figures published in 2011 for the tonnes of waste in NI?

A
  • In 2009 its estimated that there was almost 1.3 million tonnes of C&I waste collected in NI
  • 0.8 million tonnes of which was from the industrial sector and
  • 0.5 million tonnes from the commercial sector.
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6
Q

How many tonnes of municiple waste was sent to landfill in 2005 ?

A
  • 500,000 tonnes, however this has decreased steadily in the last number of years
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7
Q

What is the target for the NI Landfill Allowance Scheme by 2020?

A
  • A target of landfilling no more than 220,000 tonnes of biodegradable LACMW by 2020
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8
Q

What are the difficulties of landfills ?

A
  • Transport to site
  • Potential percieved smells
  • Land taken out of production
  • Seepage of waste into groundwater
  • potential for vermin
  • Gas
  • Stability
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9
Q

Define Municipal Waste

A
  • Means waste from households and other waste which is similar in nature to waste from a household.
  • This includes C&I waste which is similar to household waste
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10
Q

Define Commercial and Industrial Waste (C&I Waste)

A
  • Mostly means waste from premisies used wholly or mainly for the purposes of trade or business, sport. recreation or entertainment
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11
Q

Define Construction, Demolition & Extraction Waste (CD&E Waste)

A
  • Means waste from construction or demoliton works including waste from preparatory works
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12
Q

What recovery target has the WFD set for 2020 ?

A
  • The WFD has set a recovery target (including preparing for reuse, recycling and other material recovery) of 70% for all non- hazardous construction and demolition waste by 2020.
  • The destination of CD&E waste in 2009/10 excluding uncontaminated stones and soil.
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13
Q

Explain the what is meant by hazardous waste?

A
  • There is a restriction on the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and EU directives aim to project human health and the environment by minimsing the amount of potentially hazardous substances ending up in landfill sites and recycling processes.
  • Resticted substances = Lead , Cadium and Mercury
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14
Q

What does the directive require by July 2019 ?

A
  • The directive requires that non-complient products to be removed from the market by July 2019
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15
Q

What is Packaging Waste ?

A
  • Packaging waste is the most significant waste stream dealt with under the PR legaslation.
  • The EU directive on packaging and packaging waste sets a minmum recovery target of 60% and recycling targets of 55%
  • As well as material targets for glass , paper , plastic , wood and metals in order to minimise the impact of packaging waste in the environment
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16
Q

What is the WEEE and what are its aims ?

A

Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment

  • The aims of the WEEE directive (2002 / 96 /etc.) are to prevent WEE arising and to encourage reuse and recyycling and to improve the environmentsl performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of elctrical and electronic equipment.
17
Q

What are the targets of the directive?

A
  • A move to a collection rate of 45% of EEE placed on the market by 2016 increasing to 65% of EEE placed on the market by 2019
  • Potential to introduce a mandatory re-use targets of 5% An obligation of distributors to provide for the collection of a small WEE at certain retail shops
18
Q

Describe four effects of the Northern Ireland Waste Management Strategy (2000) on waste management practice in Northern Ireland.

A
  • The quantity of waste going to landfill has decreased year on year with exception of 1998 to 1999.
  • The proportion of waste that has been recycled or composted has increased from 1998 to 2011.
  • The total volume of waste generated from 1998 to 2011 has not changed significantly at around 1,000,000 tonnes per annum.
  • The volume of waste going to landfill did not reduce immediately following the publication of the NI Waste Management Strategy.
  • The levels of recycling and composting are rising steadily from 50,000 tonnes in 1998 to almost 400,000 tonnes in 2011.
  • The rate at which waste was recycled and composed increased after 2002.
19
Q

The Northern Ireland Waste Management Strategy identifies major waste types.

A
  • Municipal waste
  • Commercial and industrial waste.
  • Construction, demolition and excavation waste.
  • Hazardous waste.
  • Agricultural waste
20
Q

State the numerous stages of the waste management hierarchy.

A
  • Prevention
  • Reduce
  • Re-use
  • Recycling
  • Energy recovery
  • Disposal
21
Q

What is End of Life Vechiles Directive?

A
  • The end of life directive aims to reduce the environmental impact of vechiles
  • Principle objectives of the directive are an increase in the recycling of ELV’s and thier components and the improved environmental performance of all the economic operators involved in the life cycle of vechiles
  • Sets out an overall 85% of reuse, recycling and recovery target from 2006 , rising to 65% in 2015
22
Q

What are the regulaitons regarding Tyres for disposal ?

A
  • The EU set out criteria which control the type of waste accepted at landfill primarily to protect the environment and human health.
  • As a result wastes such as tyres, gypsum waste, liquid waste and infectious clinical wastes are not premitted on site.
23
Q

What are the regulations regarding Batteries and Accumulators ?

A
  • Too many end up in landfill
  • under the waste batteries and accumulators directive producers of batteries are responsible for the safe environmental disposal of waste batteries

Key requirments of the directive include:

  • A collection target for waste portable batteries of 45% of average annual sales in the UK by 2016
  • A ban on the disposal of untreated automotive and industrial batteries in landfill or by incineration
  • Restrictions on the use of cadmiium and mercury in the design and manufacture of new batteries
24
Q

what is the regulation for battery waste published and in what year ?

A
  • The EU directive is transposed through the UK wide batteries and Accumulators Regulations 2008,
  • This regulaiton places obligations on producers, distributors and treatment facilities to meet the requirements of the directive.
25
Q

What is the WFD ?

A
  • The EU waste framework directive (WFD) (2008/98/EC) requires the establishement of waste management strategies and plans
26
Q

What is the EU landfill directive ?

A
  • The EU landfill directive (1993/31/EC) aims to prevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects on the environment from landfilling of waste
27
Q

What is the roadmap ?

A
  • The roadmap to a resource efficient Europe (RE Roadmap) was published by the european commission in septmember 2011 defines the medium and long term objecctives and this means for achieving them.
28
Q

In context with NI what regulations are there for waste ?

A
  • The requirements of the revised WFD has been transposed into NI legaslation through the Waste Regulations (NI) 2011
  • NI WMS 2006- Reflects move away from simply managing the waste we produce in a more environmentally friendly manner to preventing waste and managing resources
  • NI WMS 2013- Retains the core principles of the 2006 strategy and enshrines the new waste hierarchy laid down in article 4 of the WFD 2008

A2 Environmental (10 decks)

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