Topic 2: Tourette Syndrome

Question 1

DSM 5 criteria of TS

Answer 1

1 more than one motor tic and one or more vocal tics
2 for more than a year
3 onset is before age 18
4 no other medical condition of side effect from a substance

Question 2

What is the habit reversal therapy?

Answer 2

Teaching the patient to become aware of the premonitory urge preceding a tic, recognizing it, and developing a competing response incompatible with performing the tic

Question 3

Pharmacotherapy in TS

Answer 3

• neuroleptics
• alpha-adrenergic agonists
• benzodiazepines

Question 4

Which 3 frontostriatal circuits dysfunction in TS?

Answer 4

• dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
• lateral orbifrontal cortex
• anterior cingulate cortex

Question 5

Function of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 5

Cognitive flexibility
Memory
Attention

Question 6

Function of orbifrontal cortex

Answer 6

Reinforcement
Reversal learning
Inhibition

Question 7

Function of anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 7

Conflict monitoring and resolution

Inhibition

Question 8

What about executive functioning impairments in TS

Answer 8

TS is NOT associated with consistent executive impairments

Growing acceptance that neuropsychological impairment in TS is related to pathology associated with comorbidities

Question 9

What are tics and what kind of tics are there

Answer 9

Tics are sudden,involuntary, repetitive movements or vocalisations.

Motor tics: simple and complex
Phonic tics: simple and complex