Topic 2 - Structure and Replication of DNA

Question 1

What makes up a DNA strand?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

Structure of a nucleotide in DNA

Answer 2

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and sugar

Question 3

Structure of a DNA strand

Answer 3

Sugar Phosphate Backbone with complementary base pairing

Question 4

Bases and who they’re paired with in DNA

Answer 4

Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine

Question 5

What bond holds the DNA strands together

Answer 5

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 6

Is the DNA strand parallel or antiparallel?

Answer 6

Antiparallel

Question 7

How would you describe the antiparallel structure of the strands?

Answer 7

Deoxyribose and Phosphate at a 3’ end and a 5’ end at each strand

Question 8

What does DNA store for the person and where is it stored?

Answer 8

Genetic Information and in the base sequence of DNA

Question 9

The genotype

Answer 9

Determined by the sequence of DNA bases

Question 10

What is the structure of Chromosomes?

Answer 10

Tightly coiled DNA and are packaged with associated proteins

Question 11

What is required to start DNA Replication?

Answer 11

DNA Polymerase and a primer

Question 12

What is the first stage of DNA Replication?

Answer 12

The DNA is unwound and unzipped to form two template strands

Question 13

What end does the complementary DNA nucleotides get added to on the DNA Strand?

Answer 13

The 3’ end

Question 14

What happens to the 5’ end during DNA Replication?

Answer 14

The strand is copied in fragments and joined together in fragments

Question 15

DNA Polymerase

Answer 15

This catalyses the formation of the sugar phosphate backbone in the daughter strand

Question 16

What joins the fragments together in DNA Replication?

Answer 16

Ligase