Topic 2 Revision Questions Flashcards
What are bronchioles?
Terminal bronchioles arise from the final division of tertiatiary bronchi, which then divide into respiratory bronchioles. Alveoli attach to the respiratory bronchioles.
Explain what is meant by the statement, “The pharynx has a dual role.” IE, what is the dual role?
It plays a role in both the respiratory as well as the digestive system. The pharynx is a common passageway for air and food, which is why pharynx has dual role. The pharynx opens into two pathways, one that leads to the esophagus or food passage and the other trachea or air passage.
What is the trachea, and what is the everyday term we know it by?
Commonly described as the wind pipe. The trachea is a membranous tube that is reinforced with 15-20 c-shaped rings of cartilage. These rigid cartligage rings maintain an open airway.
What are alveoli, and how many are there (estimated)?
They attach to respiratory bronchioles like bunches of grapes. They are tiny air sacs with very thin walls for efficient gaseous exchange. It is here that oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli to be breathed out. The enormous number of alveoli (estimated at 300 million) provides a large surface area for gas exchange.
Which lung has 3 lobes? How many lobes does the other lung have, and why?
The right lung three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior) left lung has two lobes (superior and inferior). The left lung has a cardiac notch to accommodate the heart resting there.
The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart to be transported around the rest of the body. True or false?
True - While veins usually carry deoxygenated blood from tissues back to the heart, in this case, pulmonary veins are among the few veins that carry oxygenated blood instead. Oxygenated blood from the lungs is circulated back to the heart through the pulmonary veins that drain into the left atrium.
What is the difference between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
The visceral pluera is the membrane layer in contact with the organ while the parietal pleurae is not in contact with the organ (it is the outer layer).
Where would you find pleural fluid?
Pleural fluid is found in the plurals cavity, between the visceral and parietal pleurae.
- What is the name of the thorax in the midline that separates the two lungs and contains the other major thoracic structures?
mediastinum
Which bones make up the thoracic skeleton?
Thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs.
What is the name of the joint between the head of a rib and a vertebra?
Costovertebral joint.
What is the name of the joint between the tubercle of the rib and a vertebra?
Costotransverse joint
Identify the key structures on a thoracic vertebra.
Costal surface, vertebral body - head of rib articulates (forms costovertebral joint)
Costal surface- transverse process - tubercle of the rib articulates (forms the costotransverse joint)
Spinous process for attachment of muscles and ligaments;
Transverse process for attachment of muscles and ligaments;
Body of the vertebrae to protect the spinal cord
Vertebral foramen to house the spinal cord.
Name the parts of the sternum.
manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process, costal notches (serve as articulators of the ribs), superiorly the sternum has an indentation that is called the suprasternal notch (or jugular notch)
The costal cartilages of how many ribs articulate with the sternum?
The first seven pairs of ribs articulate with the sternum at the sternocostal joints.
