Numbers of things (topics 1-6) Flashcards
Four extrinsic tongue muscles:
Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus
Four intrinsic tongue muscles
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
transverse and vertical
Three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
Three constrictor muscles of the pharynx:
superior
middle
inferior
Two faucial pillars (and their underlying muscles):
anterior faucial pillar = palatalglossus,
post faucial pillar = palatopharyngeus
Five muscles of the soft palate:
- Tensor veli palatini, which is involved in swallowing.
- Palatoglossus, involved in swallowing.
- Palatopharyngeus, involved in breathing.
- Levator veli palatini, involved in swallowing.
- Uvular, which moves the uvula.
Three paired cartilages of the larynx.
Arytenoid, corniculate, cunieform.
Four if you include triticial.
Seven mobile articulators:
larynx, pharynx, mandible, lips, tongue, cheeks, velum.
Three common vocal registers:
modal (normal), fry (fake sick), falsetto (singing)
One bone not attached to any other bone:
Hyoid
Five major branches of the facial nerve (VII)
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
Three unpaired cartilages of the larynx:
thyroid, cricoid, epiglottus
Four suprahyoid muscles:
Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid
Four infrahyoid muscles:
Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Thyrohyoid
Two branches of the vagus (X) nerve supplying the larynx:
Recurrant laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve
Five intrinsic laryngeal muscles (or six, depending on how you count them)
Cricothyroid muscle lengthen and tense the vocal folds.
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal folds.
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression.
Transverse arytenoid muscle adduct the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in adducted vocal folds.[2]
Oblique arytenoid muscles narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages.
Thyroarytenoid – this muscle runs the length of the vocal folds, connecting to the internal anterior surface of the thyroid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages. It has two components, the thyrovocalis (medial component) and thyromuscularis (lateral component). These muscles can tense or relax the vocal folds, affecting pitch during phonation (tension caused by thyrovocalis increases pitch, relaxation caused by thyromuscularis decreases pitch).
Two immobile articulators
Teeth, hard palate.
Two muscles involved in the control of vocal pitch
cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid
Eleven muscles of facial expression (listed in your module booklet)
Obicularis Oris,
Rissorius,
Buccinator,
Depressor anguli oris,
Depressor labii inferioris,
mentalis,
platysma,
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi,
levitor labii superioris.
Zygomatic minor, Zygomatic major
(12 if you count levitor anguli oris)
Six key aspects or parts of the mandible:
condyle, coronoid, notch, angle, ramus, body
Four muscles of mastication:
(mass, temp, lat & med ptery)
Four paranasal sinuses
frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid
Three types of vocal attack
breathy, glottal, simultaneous
Five possible movements at the TMJ:
depression, elevation ,deviation ,protraction, retraction
Three salivary glands
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Five cranial nerves involved in innervation of the tongue in some way:
V (5) Trigeminal (Facial muscles incl. chewing; Facial sensations)
VII (7) Facial (Taste, tears, saliva, facial expressions)
IX(9) Glossopharyngeal (Swallowing, saliva, taste)
XII (12) Hypoglossal (Tongue muscles - speech & swallowing)
plus pharyngeal plexus
Three stages of phonation:
onset (adduction), sustained, termination (abduction)
Three muscles that elevate the pharynx
(salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, palatoglossus)
Four phases of swallowing
= oral prep, oral, pharyngeal, oesophag
Two pterygoid muscles:
lateral and medial
Two key divisions of the tongue for innervation purposes (not counting motor) –
ant 2/3 and post 1/3
Eight bones of the cranium:
frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, 2 parietal, 2 temporal
Fourteen bones of the facial skeleton:
mandible, vomer, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 maxillary, 2 zygo, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae
Two types of joints in the skull:
(synovial, suture)
Four key parts of a rib:
head, tubercle, angle, body
Twelve cranial nerves:
OOO TTAF VGVAH
Three sets of tonsils
lingual, palatine and pharyngeal
Two types of pleurae
(visceral, parietal)
Three cranial nerves making up the pharyngeal plexus
(Glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X, Accessory XI)
Two types of sensory information from the tongue:
taste and general
Six joints of the thoracic wall (if you count the intervertebral discs):
costovertebral, costotransverse, sternocostal, sternoclavicular, costochondral, interchondral.
Three movements of the thoracic wall:
vertical, Anterior-Posterior, mediolateral.
Eight key muscles of the thoracic wall concerned with respiration (module booklet):
- Diaphragm
- External Intercostal
- Internal Intercostal
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalenes
- Serratus Posterior Superior
- Serratus Posterior Inferior
- Pectoral girdle muscles
The two main joints in the larynx:
cricothyroid, cricoarytenoid
Four major branches of the external carotid artery, that supply structures in the face/head we are concerned with in this subject.
(And can you name a structure that each branch supplies?)
- Lingual artery – supplies the tongue and associated structures;
- Facial artery – supplies the muscles and skin of the face;
- Maxillary artery – supplies the temporomandibular joint and associated structures; and
- Superficial temporal artery – supplies skin and superficial structures of the cranium.
Ten key foramina of the skull we are concerned with in this subject:
- Foramen magnum
- Carotid canal
- External acoustic (auditory) meatus
- Internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
- Foramen ovale
- Foramen rotundum
- Stylomastoid foramen
- Jugular foramen
- Superior orbital fissure
- Hypoglossal canal.
Which lung has 3 lobes and which one has 2?
Name the lobes for each.
R = superior, middle, inferior lobes.
L = superior, inferior
Three types of ribs:
true (1-7), false (8-10), floating (11-12)
Seven muscles (or sets of) that can be involved in inspiration:
- diaphram primarily,
- external intercostal muscles (increase transverse and anterior/posterior thoracic dimensions);
- scalenes (increase vertical thoracic dimension);
- levator costarum;
- serratus posterior superior;
- sternocleidomastoid
- pectoral girdle muscles (upper limb muscles)
Three (sets of) muscles involved in forced expiration:
- internal intercostal muscles depress the ribs and decrease all thoracic dimensions;
- anterior abdominal wall muscles: increase intra-abdominal pressure and decrease vertical dimension of the thorax; and
- serratus posterior inferior: depress the ribs.
